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<p>This paper has two main objectives. First, it evaluates a new <i>p-y</i> curve for predicting the behavior of large-diameter monopiles, comparing its performance against high-quality PISA project test results. The robustness of the new <i>p-y</i> curve was confirmed by its perfect agreement with 3D finite element analysis. Second, the study derives impedance function expressions for lateral, rocking, and coupling stiffnesses at the monopile head. These governing parameters were established through a comprehensive parametric study covering various relative sand densities, from the loosest to the densest states. The analysis revealed two distinct behavioral zones. The first zone, representing short and stiff monopiles, shows increasing relative stiffness with slenderness. In contrast, the second zone, associated with long, flexible monopiles, exhibits no further stiffness increase. The boundary separating these zones aligns with an expression proposed by the first author in a previous publication. An illustrative example demonstrates the practical utility of the proposed charts, accurately assessing various relative stiffness values. Implementing these findings resulted in a computed natural frequency closely matching observed measurements. The study highlights the accuracy of the proposed method and its potential for practical monopile design in offshore wind energy applications.</p>

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Development of a New p-y Curve for Monopiles in Sand: Predictive Capabilities Using PISA Models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月7日

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  • Djillali Amar Bouzid,
  • Subhamoy Bhattacharya,
  • Amel Douifi

摘要

This paper has two main objectives. First, it evaluates a new p-y curve for predicting the behavior of large-diameter monopiles, comparing its performance against high-quality PISA project test results. The robustness of the new p-y curve was confirmed by its perfect agreement with 3D finite element analysis. Second, the study derives impedance function expressions for lateral, rocking, and coupling stiffnesses at the monopile head. These governing parameters were established through a comprehensive parametric study covering various relative sand densities, from the loosest to the densest states. The analysis revealed two distinct behavioral zones. The first zone, representing short and stiff monopiles, shows increasing relative stiffness with slenderness. In contrast, the second zone, associated with long, flexible monopiles, exhibits no further stiffness increase. The boundary separating these zones aligns with an expression proposed by the first author in a previous publication. An illustrative example demonstrates the practical utility of the proposed charts, accurately assessing various relative stiffness values. Implementing these findings resulted in a computed natural frequency closely matching observed measurements. The study highlights the accuracy of the proposed method and its potential for practical monopile design in offshore wind energy applications.