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<p>Sand–mudstone interbedded strata exhibit significant heterogeneity, develop structural surfaces, and vary permeability, concealing unfavorable geological characteristics. Predictably, small-scale hidden or concealed fracture zones are expected under the influence of large fault zones. Because detecting small hidden fault zones during the initial geological survey is difficult, preventive measures cannot be implemented in advance. In comparison with large fault zones, smaller hidden fracture zones have a greater negative impact on construction. Specifically, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are prone to jamming accidents during excavation in small-scale hidden fracture zones. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of long-distance positioning and close-range feature characterization in addressing such engineering problems based on a case study, in which geophysical methods are used to solve TBM jamming in small-scale concealed fault zones. In this study, two-step continuous seismic and close-range electrical detection were used to remotely locate and characterize the fracture zone scale, fracture zone degree, and groundwater properties at close range. Initially, the seismic ahead prospecting (SAP) method was employed to remotely locate small-scale hidden fracture zones and assess the risk of TBM jamming in specific geological conditions. Following a TBM jamming incident, SAP and the tunnel resistivity method were combined to precisely delineate the scale of the fracture zone, degree of fracturing, and groundwater volume, thereby guiding the rescue operations for TBM extrication. This study offers insights into the detection of small-scale concealed fault zones, creates a scientific basis and technical support for TBM tunneling under unfavorable geological conditions, and provides solutions to construction problems in similar geological environments.</p>

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Use of Geophysical Techniques to Predict Localized Adverse Subsurface Conditions Leading to TBM Jamming: A Case Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月8日

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  • Xunke Xing,
  • Pengyu Jing,
  • Pengzu Xu,
  • Daojun Zhu,
  • Andong Chen,
  • Zhanxiang Li

摘要

Sand–mudstone interbedded strata exhibit significant heterogeneity, develop structural surfaces, and vary permeability, concealing unfavorable geological characteristics. Predictably, small-scale hidden or concealed fracture zones are expected under the influence of large fault zones. Because detecting small hidden fault zones during the initial geological survey is difficult, preventive measures cannot be implemented in advance. In comparison with large fault zones, smaller hidden fracture zones have a greater negative impact on construction. Specifically, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are prone to jamming accidents during excavation in small-scale hidden fracture zones. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of long-distance positioning and close-range feature characterization in addressing such engineering problems based on a case study, in which geophysical methods are used to solve TBM jamming in small-scale concealed fault zones. In this study, two-step continuous seismic and close-range electrical detection were used to remotely locate and characterize the fracture zone scale, fracture zone degree, and groundwater properties at close range. Initially, the seismic ahead prospecting (SAP) method was employed to remotely locate small-scale hidden fracture zones and assess the risk of TBM jamming in specific geological conditions. Following a TBM jamming incident, SAP and the tunnel resistivity method were combined to precisely delineate the scale of the fracture zone, degree of fracturing, and groundwater volume, thereby guiding the rescue operations for TBM extrication. This study offers insights into the detection of small-scale concealed fault zones, creates a scientific basis and technical support for TBM tunneling under unfavorable geological conditions, and provides solutions to construction problems in similar geological environments.