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<p>The paper documents the geotechnical investigation for the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple, which is crucial for the successful construction of such a significant and monumental structure. The temple at Ayodhya has been built about 1&#xa0;km south of the Saryu River. It has a 49.1&#xa0;m (161&#xa0;ft) high shikhar (spire) with the Garba Griha (Sanctum Sanctorum) hosting the sacred idol of Shri Ram Lalla. The other units of the temple include the Gudh Mandap, Rang Mandap, Nritya Mandap, Prarthana Mandap and Kirtan Mandap. Geotechnical investigation for this monumental structure required a thorough and meticulous evaluation of the soil properties to provide geotechnical parameters for foundation design. The investigation included deep boreholes, static cone penetration tests and pressuremeter tests as well as geophysical tests such as ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography and multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to provide a clear understanding of the subsurface conditions. The paper documents stratigraphy of the site with detailed description of soil layers, groundwater levels and fill material encountered. The study confirmed the presence of fill of sand with brickbats and pottery pieces to 7–15.5&#xa0;m depth underlain by fine sand (alluvium) to the maximum explored depth of 120&#xa0;m. The paper also describes excavations conducted by the Archaeological survey of India. The archaeological evidence pointed to the existence of a large temple-like structure beneath the old site of the existing structure and the present site of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple. Detailed geotechnical, geophysical and extensive archaeological data have been analyzed to determine what lies beneath the ground of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple at Ayodhya. The findings emphasize the importance of a thorough geotechnical investigation and correlating with historical and archaeological aspects for a broader understanding of the ground conditions. For similar kind of projects, it is advisable to review the overall scenario, combining engineering aspects with the archaeological, legal and social aspects.</p>

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Unearthing Geotechnical Characteristics of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple Site at Ayodhya: Details of Geotechnical and Geophysical Investigations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Ravi Sundaram,
  • Sorabh Gupta,
  • Sanjay Gupta,
  • Vinod Kumar Mehta,
  • T. G. Sitharam

摘要

The paper documents the geotechnical investigation for the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple, which is crucial for the successful construction of such a significant and monumental structure. The temple at Ayodhya has been built about 1 km south of the Saryu River. It has a 49.1 m (161 ft) high shikhar (spire) with the Garba Griha (Sanctum Sanctorum) hosting the sacred idol of Shri Ram Lalla. The other units of the temple include the Gudh Mandap, Rang Mandap, Nritya Mandap, Prarthana Mandap and Kirtan Mandap. Geotechnical investigation for this monumental structure required a thorough and meticulous evaluation of the soil properties to provide geotechnical parameters for foundation design. The investigation included deep boreholes, static cone penetration tests and pressuremeter tests as well as geophysical tests such as ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography and multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to provide a clear understanding of the subsurface conditions. The paper documents stratigraphy of the site with detailed description of soil layers, groundwater levels and fill material encountered. The study confirmed the presence of fill of sand with brickbats and pottery pieces to 7–15.5 m depth underlain by fine sand (alluvium) to the maximum explored depth of 120 m. The paper also describes excavations conducted by the Archaeological survey of India. The archaeological evidence pointed to the existence of a large temple-like structure beneath the old site of the existing structure and the present site of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple. Detailed geotechnical, geophysical and extensive archaeological data have been analyzed to determine what lies beneath the ground of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple at Ayodhya. The findings emphasize the importance of a thorough geotechnical investigation and correlating with historical and archaeological aspects for a broader understanding of the ground conditions. For similar kind of projects, it is advisable to review the overall scenario, combining engineering aspects with the archaeological, legal and social aspects.