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<p>Stability analysis of slopes and water balance studies in Indian mountainous regions under normal temperature conditions and rainfall are well explored. However, in cold regions such as the glaciated Himalayan areas, negative temperatures and snowmelt water play a crucial role in governing water dynamics and stability of terrain slopes. These aspects of cold region engineering are still in a very developing stage in India, despite the vulnerability of the Indian Himalayan regions to geohazards. The present study aims to address this gap by examining the effect of negative temperatures and snowfall during winters, and the influence of snowmelt water in addition to rainfall during summers, on stability of sloping terrain and the water balance dynamics in Indian Himalayan region. Slope profiles consisting of homogeneous soils and reconstituted varved clay slopes are utilized in the study, using two soil types, namely red soil (RS) and black soil (BS). The homogeneous slope profiles consist solely of either RS or BS. For reconstituted varved clay slope profiles, RS and BS are arranged in layers of 2, 4, 8, and 16 in two different sequential arrangements. In one sequential arrangement, BS constitutes the topmost lamina, whereas in the other, RS constitutes the topmost lamina. Results indicate that the slope failure, the area affected by failed soil mass, water infiltration into the sloping terrain, and runoff vary among different slope profiles. These variations are observed under different climatic scenarios, which include consideration of water from rain only (RW) and water from both rain and snowmelt (RW+SW). In the RW+SW climate scenario, early slope failures and increased water runoff are observed compared to RW. Accelerated water infiltration leads to earlier attainment of maximum cumulative infiltration and earlier runoff initiation in RW+SW scenario compared to RW. These output parameters also vary with the thicknesses and sequential arrangement of laminae in reconstituted varved clay slopes. For the same number of laminae, slope failure and maximum net cumulative infiltration occur later when BS is the topmost lamina. Further, with this arrangement, the area of the failed soil mass is also smaller in comparison to the scenario&#xa0;when RS is the topmost lamina.</p>

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Water Balance and Slope Stability in a Changing Climate: Combinatorial Influences of Rainfall and Snowmelt-Induced Himalayan Geohazards

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月8日

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  • Deepali Anand,
  • Arindam Dey,
  • K. Ravi

摘要

Stability analysis of slopes and water balance studies in Indian mountainous regions under normal temperature conditions and rainfall are well explored. However, in cold regions such as the glaciated Himalayan areas, negative temperatures and snowmelt water play a crucial role in governing water dynamics and stability of terrain slopes. These aspects of cold region engineering are still in a very developing stage in India, despite the vulnerability of the Indian Himalayan regions to geohazards. The present study aims to address this gap by examining the effect of negative temperatures and snowfall during winters, and the influence of snowmelt water in addition to rainfall during summers, on stability of sloping terrain and the water balance dynamics in Indian Himalayan region. Slope profiles consisting of homogeneous soils and reconstituted varved clay slopes are utilized in the study, using two soil types, namely red soil (RS) and black soil (BS). The homogeneous slope profiles consist solely of either RS or BS. For reconstituted varved clay slope profiles, RS and BS are arranged in layers of 2, 4, 8, and 16 in two different sequential arrangements. In one sequential arrangement, BS constitutes the topmost lamina, whereas in the other, RS constitutes the topmost lamina. Results indicate that the slope failure, the area affected by failed soil mass, water infiltration into the sloping terrain, and runoff vary among different slope profiles. These variations are observed under different climatic scenarios, which include consideration of water from rain only (RW) and water from both rain and snowmelt (RW+SW). In the RW+SW climate scenario, early slope failures and increased water runoff are observed compared to RW. Accelerated water infiltration leads to earlier attainment of maximum cumulative infiltration and earlier runoff initiation in RW+SW scenario compared to RW. These output parameters also vary with the thicknesses and sequential arrangement of laminae in reconstituted varved clay slopes. For the same number of laminae, slope failure and maximum net cumulative infiltration occur later when BS is the topmost lamina. Further, with this arrangement, the area of the failed soil mass is also smaller in comparison to the scenario when RS is the topmost lamina.