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<p>We present an apparatus for producing ultracold Na-<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{40}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>K and Na-<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{41}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>41</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>K mixtures as a starting point for the formation of fermionic and bosonic ground-state NaK molecules. Sodium and potassium atoms are first loaded into a magneto-optical trap and transferred to an optically plugged magnetic trap, where the mixture undergoes sympathetic cooling via radio-frequency evaporation of Na. A key feature of the apparatus is its ability to switch between loading fermionic <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{40}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>K and bosonic <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{41}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>41</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>K by toggling three acousto-optic modulators. After further sympathetic cooling in an optical dipole trap, we obtain quantum-degenerate Bose–Fermi Na-<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{40}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>K and Bose–Bose Na-<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{41}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>41</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>K mixtures. This apparatus provides a robust starting point for creating ultracold Bose and Fermi gases of ground-state NaK molecules, opening pathways to explore strongly interacting dipolar quantum matter.</p>

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An apparatus for ultracold Na-\(^{40/41}\)K mixtures toward ground-state molecule production

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Jaeryeong Chang,
  • Sungjun Lee,
  • Yoonsoo Kim,
  • Seokmin Jang,
  • Jongyeol Kim,
  • Younghoon Lim,
  • Sooshin Kim,
  • Jee Woo Park

摘要

We present an apparatus for producing ultracold Na- \(^{40}\) 40 K and Na- \(^{41}\) 41 K mixtures as a starting point for the formation of fermionic and bosonic ground-state NaK molecules. Sodium and potassium atoms are first loaded into a magneto-optical trap and transferred to an optically plugged magnetic trap, where the mixture undergoes sympathetic cooling via radio-frequency evaporation of Na. A key feature of the apparatus is its ability to switch between loading fermionic \(^{40}\) 40 K and bosonic \(^{41}\) 41 K by toggling three acousto-optic modulators. After further sympathetic cooling in an optical dipole trap, we obtain quantum-degenerate Bose–Fermi Na- \(^{40}\) 40 K and Bose–Bose Na- \(^{41}\) 41 K mixtures. This apparatus provides a robust starting point for creating ultracold Bose and Fermi gases of ground-state NaK molecules, opening pathways to explore strongly interacting dipolar quantum matter.