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<p>Multi-layer graphene (MLG) was synthesized via direct methane conversion using a newly developed microwave plasma torch, which enables carbon-deposition-free and continuous growth. TEM clearly resolved the layered morphology and defect structures of MLG, while Raman spectroscopy exhibited a low defect density (I_D/I_G ≈ 0.3) and a distinct 2D band. XRD confirmed graphitic ordering with an interlayer spacing of ~ 0.343&#xa0;nm. XPS verified high carbon purity (&gt; 99 at.% C) with only minor C–H contributions. Electrical conductivity reached ~ 12.9 S/cm, with a compressed density of 1.1&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>. A simple water dispersion test revealed strong hydrophobicity and poor suspension stability in aqueous media, characteristic of pristine MLG. These findings demonstrate that plasma-based direct methane conversion is an effective and scalable route for producing high-purity, structurally ordered MLG with strong potential for catalytic, electrochemical, and composite applications.</p>

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Plasma-based direct methane conversion into multi-layer graphene: a microwave plasma torch approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • S. Yoo,
  • C. H. Cho,
  • I. J. Kang,
  • J. W. Yoon,
  • J. K. Yang,
  • S. H. Eom,
  • Y. S. Choi,
  • J. Y. Han,
  • J. H. Kim,
  • J. H. Ryu

摘要

Multi-layer graphene (MLG) was synthesized via direct methane conversion using a newly developed microwave plasma torch, which enables carbon-deposition-free and continuous growth. TEM clearly resolved the layered morphology and defect structures of MLG, while Raman spectroscopy exhibited a low defect density (I_D/I_G ≈ 0.3) and a distinct 2D band. XRD confirmed graphitic ordering with an interlayer spacing of ~ 0.343 nm. XPS verified high carbon purity (> 99 at.% C) with only minor C–H contributions. Electrical conductivity reached ~ 12.9 S/cm, with a compressed density of 1.1 g/cm3. A simple water dispersion test revealed strong hydrophobicity and poor suspension stability in aqueous media, characteristic of pristine MLG. These findings demonstrate that plasma-based direct methane conversion is an effective and scalable route for producing high-purity, structurally ordered MLG with strong potential for catalytic, electrochemical, and composite applications.