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<p>The increasing demand for eco-friendly and bio-based epoxides has positioned soybean oil as an attractive renewable feedstock due to its high linoleic acid content. This study investigates the catalytic epoxidation of soybean oil via an in situ peracid mechanism using formic acid as the oxygen carrier, hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen donor, and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, formic acid–to–soybean oil molar ratio, and stirring rate were systematically evaluated. The optimum conditions 75&#xa0;°C, 1.5:1 molar ratio, and 500&#xa0;rpm resulted in a maximum relative conversion of oxirane of 76.01%. A kinetic model based on the Runge–Kutta 4th Order Method was developed, demonstrating strong agreement between experimental and simulated oxirane conversion profiles. The validated kinetic model provides meaningful insight into the reaction behaviour of soybean-based epoxidation and supports the potential of soybean oil as a sustainable raw material for producing bio-based epoxides and polyols.</p>

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Catalytic Epoxidation of Linoleic Acid Derived from Soybean Oil Via In Situ Peracids Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Nurul Huda M.Ali,
  • Intan Suhada Azmi,
  • Muhammad Naufal Alif Husin,
  • Mohd Jumain Jalil

摘要

The increasing demand for eco-friendly and bio-based epoxides has positioned soybean oil as an attractive renewable feedstock due to its high linoleic acid content. This study investigates the catalytic epoxidation of soybean oil via an in situ peracid mechanism using formic acid as the oxygen carrier, hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen donor, and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, formic acid–to–soybean oil molar ratio, and stirring rate were systematically evaluated. The optimum conditions 75 °C, 1.5:1 molar ratio, and 500 rpm resulted in a maximum relative conversion of oxirane of 76.01%. A kinetic model based on the Runge–Kutta 4th Order Method was developed, demonstrating strong agreement between experimental and simulated oxirane conversion profiles. The validated kinetic model provides meaningful insight into the reaction behaviour of soybean-based epoxidation and supports the potential of soybean oil as a sustainable raw material for producing bio-based epoxides and polyols.