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<p>This study examines the influence of pack carburizing and subsequent heat-treatment routes on the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of AISI 1018 mild steel. Specimens were carburized at 900&#xa0;°C for 6&#xa0;h and furnace-cooled, followed by tempering at 500&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h and cooling in water, oil, or air. Microstructural observations revealed notable changes in ferrite–pearlite morphology after carburizing, including coarsening of pearlite in the furnace-cooled condition and distinctly refined lamellar patterns in the water-quenched specimen. Intermediate refinement was observed in oil-quenched and air-cooled specimens, reflecting the influence of cooling intensity on structural appearance. Mechanical evaluations showed that tensile strength decreased from 592.7&#xa0;MPa in the as-received condition to 470.5–497.6&#xa0;MPa after treatment, while elongation increased by 44–75%, indicating enhanced deformation capacity. Shear strength varied from 304–355&#xa0;MPa among treated specimens compared with 312&#xa0;MPa in the untreated state. Surface hardness increased from 229 BHN to 239–254 BHN, with the water-quenched specimen showing the largest rise. Impact toughness decreased by 2.5–37.5% depending on the cooling medium, demonstrating the expected hardness–toughness trade off associated with surface hardening. It should be noted that each processing condition was represented by a single specimen; therefore, the results primarily indicate comparative trends rather than statistically validated conclusions. The novelty of this study lies in the combined evaluation of tensile, shear, hardness, and impact properties along with microstructural analysis of AISI 1018 mild steel subjected to pack carburizing and different post-carburizing cooling treatments, allowing a direct structure–property comparison for this material. Overall, the results show that carburizing combined with controlled cooling provides an effective means of tailoring the mechanical response and microstructural condition of mild steel.</p>

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Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Pack Carburized AISI 1018 Steel with Post-heat Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Mohd Faheem,
  • Arjun Bisaria,
  • Saurabh Dewangan,
  • Anmol Bhatia

摘要

This study examines the influence of pack carburizing and subsequent heat-treatment routes on the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of AISI 1018 mild steel. Specimens were carburized at 900 °C for 6 h and furnace-cooled, followed by tempering at 500 °C for 2 h and cooling in water, oil, or air. Microstructural observations revealed notable changes in ferrite–pearlite morphology after carburizing, including coarsening of pearlite in the furnace-cooled condition and distinctly refined lamellar patterns in the water-quenched specimen. Intermediate refinement was observed in oil-quenched and air-cooled specimens, reflecting the influence of cooling intensity on structural appearance. Mechanical evaluations showed that tensile strength decreased from 592.7 MPa in the as-received condition to 470.5–497.6 MPa after treatment, while elongation increased by 44–75%, indicating enhanced deformation capacity. Shear strength varied from 304–355 MPa among treated specimens compared with 312 MPa in the untreated state. Surface hardness increased from 229 BHN to 239–254 BHN, with the water-quenched specimen showing the largest rise. Impact toughness decreased by 2.5–37.5% depending on the cooling medium, demonstrating the expected hardness–toughness trade off associated with surface hardening. It should be noted that each processing condition was represented by a single specimen; therefore, the results primarily indicate comparative trends rather than statistically validated conclusions. The novelty of this study lies in the combined evaluation of tensile, shear, hardness, and impact properties along with microstructural analysis of AISI 1018 mild steel subjected to pack carburizing and different post-carburizing cooling treatments, allowing a direct structure–property comparison for this material. Overall, the results show that carburizing combined with controlled cooling provides an effective means of tailoring the mechanical response and microstructural condition of mild steel.