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<p>This research explores using nanofibrils derived from pineapple leaves and kenaf stalks to reinforce polyurethane composites. The resulting composite material is intended for lightweight construction panels, such as those used in earthquake-resistant building components. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are formed through alkalization and bleaching treatments of pineapple leaf and kenaf fibers. To isolate CNF from fiber use a digital ultrasonic cleaner, a mixer, and an Ultrafine Grinder Masuko Sangyo ISO9001. The isolated CNF is then characterized using FTIR, PSA, TEM, and Keyence Optical Microscope methods. This study incorporated CNF into rigid foam polyurethane (RF-PU) composites at four different concentrations: 0%wt, 1%wt, 1.5%wt, and 2%wt of CNF. The characterization of the CNF/RF-PU composites includes chemical analysis (FTIR), mechanical testing (flexural and compressive tests), physical testing (PSA), and microstructural analysis (SEM). FTIR results for CNF indicate the presence of cellulose (OH) groups, with an absorption peak between 3300 and 3500&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>. Physical observations using PSA and SEM reveal that the CNF has a mesh shape, with a diameter of 50&#xa0;nm for pineapple leaf fiber-based CNF (PLCNF) and 20&#xa0;nm for kenaf fiber-based CNF (KCNF). The maximum flexural strength is achieved with the RF-PU/PLCNF composite at 2%wt, measured at 600.87&#xa0;kPa, while the compressive strength and modulus values for both types of CNF are consistent at the 1%wt and 1.5%wt compositions.</p>

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The Impact of Adding Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF) Derived from Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Kenaf Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Rigid Foam Polyurethane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Saeful Rohman,
  • Dede Sukandar,
  • Seto Roseno,
  • Heru Santoso,
  • Tatang Wahyudi,
  • Eryanti Kalembang,
  • Fitri Kurniawati,
  • Nur Dewi Rahmawati

摘要

This research explores using nanofibrils derived from pineapple leaves and kenaf stalks to reinforce polyurethane composites. The resulting composite material is intended for lightweight construction panels, such as those used in earthquake-resistant building components. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are formed through alkalization and bleaching treatments of pineapple leaf and kenaf fibers. To isolate CNF from fiber use a digital ultrasonic cleaner, a mixer, and an Ultrafine Grinder Masuko Sangyo ISO9001. The isolated CNF is then characterized using FTIR, PSA, TEM, and Keyence Optical Microscope methods. This study incorporated CNF into rigid foam polyurethane (RF-PU) composites at four different concentrations: 0%wt, 1%wt, 1.5%wt, and 2%wt of CNF. The characterization of the CNF/RF-PU composites includes chemical analysis (FTIR), mechanical testing (flexural and compressive tests), physical testing (PSA), and microstructural analysis (SEM). FTIR results for CNF indicate the presence of cellulose (OH) groups, with an absorption peak between 3300 and 3500 cm−1. Physical observations using PSA and SEM reveal that the CNF has a mesh shape, with a diameter of 50 nm for pineapple leaf fiber-based CNF (PLCNF) and 20 nm for kenaf fiber-based CNF (KCNF). The maximum flexural strength is achieved with the RF-PU/PLCNF composite at 2%wt, measured at 600.87 kPa, while the compressive strength and modulus values for both types of CNF are consistent at the 1%wt and 1.5%wt compositions.