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<p>The advancement of smart grids has introduced increasing demands for reliable, scalable, and energy-efficient communication infrastructures, particularly at the power distribution level, which has historically lagged behind generation and transmission systems. This study investigates the feasibility and performance of deploying LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) as a low-cost and low-power communication solution for smart metering in power distribution networks. A MATLAB-based simulation framework is developed, with core modules implemented in C for computational efficiency. The simulation incorporates real-world geographic data and models smart meter behavior using realistic traffic patterns. Key performance metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) are evaluated under varying node densities, transmission intervals, and spreading factor (SF) allocation strategies. The proposed approach integrates K-means clustering for optimized gateway placement and the EXPLoRa-SF algorithm for dynamic SF assignment. Results show that through strategic retransmission mechanisms and infrastructure design, the PDR can be improved up to 99.99%, demonstrating LoRaWAN's potential for scalable and reliable deployment in smart distribution systems. The findings provide practical guidelines for designing cost-effective IoT communication layers in smart grid infrastructures, especially in semi-urban and resource-constrained environments.</p>

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Performance Optimization of LoRaWAN-Based Communication for Smart Metering in Power Distribution Networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Liu Yongqiang,
  • Zhulin Yu

摘要

The advancement of smart grids has introduced increasing demands for reliable, scalable, and energy-efficient communication infrastructures, particularly at the power distribution level, which has historically lagged behind generation and transmission systems. This study investigates the feasibility and performance of deploying LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) as a low-cost and low-power communication solution for smart metering in power distribution networks. A MATLAB-based simulation framework is developed, with core modules implemented in C for computational efficiency. The simulation incorporates real-world geographic data and models smart meter behavior using realistic traffic patterns. Key performance metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) are evaluated under varying node densities, transmission intervals, and spreading factor (SF) allocation strategies. The proposed approach integrates K-means clustering for optimized gateway placement and the EXPLoRa-SF algorithm for dynamic SF assignment. Results show that through strategic retransmission mechanisms and infrastructure design, the PDR can be improved up to 99.99%, demonstrating LoRaWAN's potential for scalable and reliable deployment in smart distribution systems. The findings provide practical guidelines for designing cost-effective IoT communication layers in smart grid infrastructures, especially in semi-urban and resource-constrained environments.