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<p>Urban water management is under growing pressure from ageing infrastructure, stricter regulations, and climate-driven uncertainty, making advanced computer modelling essential for the design of wastewater and stormwater systems. This review examines software tools used for urban wastewater and stormwater system modelling, with emphasis on functional scope, integration capability, cost, and practical adoption. Based on a structured analysis of peer-reviewed studies and documented case applications, modelling platforms were classified into spatial analysis tools, hydraulic-hydrologic simulators, civil design software, and decision-support frameworks. Comparative assessment shows that EPA-SWMM provides cost-effective dynamic hydraulic simulation but lacks optimisation and integrated GIS functionality, while commercial platforms such as SewerGEMS, InfoWorks ICM, and MIKE URBAN offer advanced simulation and scenario analysis at substantially higher licensing cost. GIS platforms enable robust terrain and land-use processing but remain dependent on external solvers for hydraulic evaluation. Multi-criteria decision tools (AHP–PROMETHEE II) enhance alternative selection but rely on subjective weighting. Case studies from India, the Middle East, and Europe demonstrate that no single tool supports end-to-end modelling, leading to fragmented, multi-software workflows. This review highlights interoperability, cost, and accessibility as persistent constraints, particularly for resource-limited utilities.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Integrated Modelling Approaches for Urban Wastewater and Stormwater Management: A Comprehensive Review of Software Tools, Applications, and Future Directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Priyansha Rathore,
  • Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan,
  • Yogendra Singh

摘要

Urban water management is under growing pressure from ageing infrastructure, stricter regulations, and climate-driven uncertainty, making advanced computer modelling essential for the design of wastewater and stormwater systems. This review examines software tools used for urban wastewater and stormwater system modelling, with emphasis on functional scope, integration capability, cost, and practical adoption. Based on a structured analysis of peer-reviewed studies and documented case applications, modelling platforms were classified into spatial analysis tools, hydraulic-hydrologic simulators, civil design software, and decision-support frameworks. Comparative assessment shows that EPA-SWMM provides cost-effective dynamic hydraulic simulation but lacks optimisation and integrated GIS functionality, while commercial platforms such as SewerGEMS, InfoWorks ICM, and MIKE URBAN offer advanced simulation and scenario analysis at substantially higher licensing cost. GIS platforms enable robust terrain and land-use processing but remain dependent on external solvers for hydraulic evaluation. Multi-criteria decision tools (AHP–PROMETHEE II) enhance alternative selection but rely on subjective weighting. Case studies from India, the Middle East, and Europe demonstrate that no single tool supports end-to-end modelling, leading to fragmented, multi-software workflows. This review highlights interoperability, cost, and accessibility as persistent constraints, particularly for resource-limited utilities.

Graphical abstract