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<p>The rising demand for vanadium in energy storage technologies, particularly vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), has spurred interest in secondary sources like vanadium-bearing gasifier slag (VBGS). This study explores vanadium extraction from citrate leach liquor (CLL) using Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in Exxsol D80, with Tri-(n-butyl)-phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier. D2EHPA exhibited superior selectivity over other commercial extractants for V<sup>4+</sup> achieving maximum extraction at 0.45&#xa0;M concentration and 50&#xa0;°C. Minimal co-extraction of Fe and Al was observed, and calcium was uniquely removed as pure gypsum. The extracted species was identified as VO<sup>2+</sup> without extracting citric acid (CA). A three-stage counter-current process at an organic-to-aqueous ratio of 1:1.5 yielded 93.38% vanadium extraction, with 8.96&#xa0;g/L V in the organic phase. Subsequent two-stage CLL and single-stage 5&#xa0;g/L H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> scrubbing produced battery-grade vanadyl sulfate (VOSO<sub>4</sub>), complies with the requirement of standard grade II GB/T 37204-2018. This method offers a sustainable route for converting industrial waste into high-purity materials for energy storage applications.</p>

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Selective Extraction of Battery Grade VOSO4 from Industrial Hazardous Waste Vanadium-Bearing Gasifier Slag (VBGS): A Systematic Sustainable Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Bharat Padh,
  • K. Santhosh Kumar,
  • Mriganka Das

摘要

The rising demand for vanadium in energy storage technologies, particularly vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), has spurred interest in secondary sources like vanadium-bearing gasifier slag (VBGS). This study explores vanadium extraction from citrate leach liquor (CLL) using Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in Exxsol D80, with Tri-(n-butyl)-phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier. D2EHPA exhibited superior selectivity over other commercial extractants for V4+ achieving maximum extraction at 0.45 M concentration and 50 °C. Minimal co-extraction of Fe and Al was observed, and calcium was uniquely removed as pure gypsum. The extracted species was identified as VO2+ without extracting citric acid (CA). A three-stage counter-current process at an organic-to-aqueous ratio of 1:1.5 yielded 93.38% vanadium extraction, with 8.96 g/L V in the organic phase. Subsequent two-stage CLL and single-stage 5 g/L H2SO4 scrubbing produced battery-grade vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4), complies with the requirement of standard grade II GB/T 37204-2018. This method offers a sustainable route for converting industrial waste into high-purity materials for energy storage applications.