<p>Heavy metal contamination from industrialization is a primary cause of chromium pollution in soil and groundwater. There are serious risks associated with hexavalent chromium because it is more toxic than its trivalent form, which is frequently found in industrial discharges. In-situ immobilization techniques have often been suggested as technologies for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals such as chromium. Laboratory studies were conducted with artificially contaminated soils [with Cr (VI)] to estimate the ability of the TCLP extractant to remove chromium from black cotton soil. The synthetically contaminated soils were treated and cured with four additives cement, quicklime, activated charcoal, and zeolite to immobilize chromium, and investigated for the leachability of Cr by deionized water. Each of these additives employs various immobilization mechanisms, such as encapsulation, reduction, adsorption, and oxidation. Up to 94% of containment of chromium has been possible with cement and 99.6% with activated charcoal, the concentration in zones beyond containment could be brought to traces level due to its large surface area and porous structure. Zeolite and quicklime exhibited no substantial retention in the soil. The efficacy of each additive was further substantiated via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which corroborated the effectiveness of activated charcoal and cement through the development of stabilizing phases and microstructural alterations in the treated soils.</p>

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Experimental Evaluation of Chromium Immobilization in Black Cotton Soil Using Various Stabilizing Agents

  • Yad Ram Meena,
  • Diya,
  • B. M. Sunil

摘要

Heavy metal contamination from industrialization is a primary cause of chromium pollution in soil and groundwater. There are serious risks associated with hexavalent chromium because it is more toxic than its trivalent form, which is frequently found in industrial discharges. In-situ immobilization techniques have often been suggested as technologies for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals such as chromium. Laboratory studies were conducted with artificially contaminated soils [with Cr (VI)] to estimate the ability of the TCLP extractant to remove chromium from black cotton soil. The synthetically contaminated soils were treated and cured with four additives cement, quicklime, activated charcoal, and zeolite to immobilize chromium, and investigated for the leachability of Cr by deionized water. Each of these additives employs various immobilization mechanisms, such as encapsulation, reduction, adsorption, and oxidation. Up to 94% of containment of chromium has been possible with cement and 99.6% with activated charcoal, the concentration in zones beyond containment could be brought to traces level due to its large surface area and porous structure. Zeolite and quicklime exhibited no substantial retention in the soil. The efficacy of each additive was further substantiated via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which corroborated the effectiveness of activated charcoal and cement through the development of stabilizing phases and microstructural alterations in the treated soils.