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<p>In this study, Sr-Cu BMNMs were synthesized via a green route using <i>Cinnamomum verum</i> extract as a biogenic reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared Sr–Cu BMNMs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. FTIR analysis confirmed the incorporation of metal bands, while UV–Vis spectra exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 415&#xa0;nm. SEM images revealed aggregated nanostructured morphology and DLS indicated an average particle size of 256.4&#xa0;nm. The XRD pattern verified the face-centered cubic crystalline structure of the Sr–Cu BMNMs. Under optimized conditions (pH 2 and 4, catalyst dose 10 and 15&#xa0;mg, dye concentration 30 and 20&#xa0;mg/L, and irradiation times 30 and 90&#xa0;min for Indigo carmine (IC) and Acid green 25 (AG 25), respectively), the photocatalyst achieved respective degradation efficiencies of 94.8% and 84.6%. Kinetic study demonstrated that the Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery (BMG) model best described the degradation behaviour of dyes. The catalyst exhibited good reusability over four consecutive cycles and demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. These findings highlight the Sr–Cu BMNMs as a promising, cost-effective and sustainable photocatalyst for simultaneous dye degradation and microbial disinfection in wastewater treatment.</p>

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Biogenic Synthesis of Sr–Cu Bimetallic Nanostructures Using Cinnamon Extract for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Sidra Perveen,
  • Mahwish Iqbal,
  • Amina Khan,
  • Muhammad Ahsan Rashid,
  • Haq Nawaz Bhatti,
  • Norah Alwadai,
  • Munawar Iqbal

摘要

In this study, Sr-Cu BMNMs were synthesized via a green route using Cinnamomum verum extract as a biogenic reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared Sr–Cu BMNMs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. FTIR analysis confirmed the incorporation of metal bands, while UV–Vis spectra exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 415 nm. SEM images revealed aggregated nanostructured morphology and DLS indicated an average particle size of 256.4 nm. The XRD pattern verified the face-centered cubic crystalline structure of the Sr–Cu BMNMs. Under optimized conditions (pH 2 and 4, catalyst dose 10 and 15 mg, dye concentration 30 and 20 mg/L, and irradiation times 30 and 90 min for Indigo carmine (IC) and Acid green 25 (AG 25), respectively), the photocatalyst achieved respective degradation efficiencies of 94.8% and 84.6%. Kinetic study demonstrated that the Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery (BMG) model best described the degradation behaviour of dyes. The catalyst exhibited good reusability over four consecutive cycles and demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. These findings highlight the Sr–Cu BMNMs as a promising, cost-effective and sustainable photocatalyst for simultaneous dye degradation and microbial disinfection in wastewater treatment.