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<p>The present study investigates combined free and forced convection in a vertical parallel-plate channel under both symmetric and asymmetric heating conditions. The channel is filled with water and nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs). The NEPCMs consist of a nonadecane core, which is capable of undergoing phase transitions and storing or releasing large amounts of latent heat, encapsulated within a polyurethane shell. The governing equations for the NEPCM suspension are formulated in dimensionless form and solved numerically using a shooting method coupled with the Runge–Kutta scheme. The main parameters examined are the NEPCM volume fraction, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.0 \le \phi \le 0.05\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the Brinkman number, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.005 \le Br \le 0.1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the buoyancy parameter, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(100 \le G_R \le 400\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the fusion temperature of the core, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.1 \le \theta _F \le 0.9\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The results show that increasing the NEPCM concentration enlarges the melting region, while both viscous dissipation and fusion temperature shift its position. A 4% concentration yields a 76-90% Nusselt number enhancement over a system with a 1% volume fraction.</p>

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Fully Developed Mixed Convection in a Vertical Channel Filled with Nano Encapsulated Phase Change Materials and Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Marhama Jelita,
  • Habibis Saleh,
  • Sutoyo Sutoyo

摘要

The present study investigates combined free and forced convection in a vertical parallel-plate channel under both symmetric and asymmetric heating conditions. The channel is filled with water and nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs). The NEPCMs consist of a nonadecane core, which is capable of undergoing phase transitions and storing or releasing large amounts of latent heat, encapsulated within a polyurethane shell. The governing equations for the NEPCM suspension are formulated in dimensionless form and solved numerically using a shooting method coupled with the Runge–Kutta scheme. The main parameters examined are the NEPCM volume fraction, \(0.0 \le \phi \le 0.05\) , the Brinkman number, \(0.005 \le Br \le 0.1\) , the buoyancy parameter, \(100 \le G_R \le 400\) , and the fusion temperature of the core, \(0.1 \le \theta _F \le 0.9\) . The results show that increasing the NEPCM concentration enlarges the melting region, while both viscous dissipation and fusion temperature shift its position. A 4% concentration yields a 76-90% Nusselt number enhancement over a system with a 1% volume fraction.