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<p>Water pollution from industrial dyes like methylene blue (MB) presents significant environmental challenges due to their toxicity and persistence in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the effectiveness of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate composite hydrogel beads for MB removal from aqueous solutions. The beads were synthesized using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent and characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Adsorption studies revealed optimal removal at pH 8 and 30&#xa0;°C, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36&#xa0;mg of MB per gram of hydrogel beads. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The hydrogel beads maintained over 85% efficiency after five adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. This study highlights the potential of PVA-alginate hydrogel beads as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for large-scale wastewater treatment.</p>

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Polyvinyl Alcohol–Alginate Hydrogels: A Novel Approach for Methylene Blue Removal in Water Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Anshu Maurya,
  • Shiva Kant Ojha,
  • Deepak Kumar Rai,
  • Kumari Pooja,
  • Mridula Tripathi

摘要

Water pollution from industrial dyes like methylene blue (MB) presents significant environmental challenges due to their toxicity and persistence in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the effectiveness of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate composite hydrogel beads for MB removal from aqueous solutions. The beads were synthesized using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent and characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Adsorption studies revealed optimal removal at pH 8 and 30 °C, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36 mg of MB per gram of hydrogel beads. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The hydrogel beads maintained over 85% efficiency after five adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. This study highlights the potential of PVA-alginate hydrogel beads as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for large-scale wastewater treatment.