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<p>Recently, a 3D printed polyvinylidene (PVDF) based composite sensor has been developed for the online health monitoring of bovine (post-operative diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery) at a lab scale. However, little has been reported on the in vitro analysis and tuneability of the PVDF composite-based radio-frequency (R-F) sensor on an actual bovine diaphragm (post-implantation). This study focuses on the in vitro analysis of a 3D-printed PVDF composite to assess the implant’s suitability as a DH sensor, with a fabrication strategy and tunability features for real-time health monitoring of the bovine diaphragm (post-surgery). The sensor was designed and simulated to target the average diameter of the hernia ring (75–150&#xa0;mm) observed in adult milk buffaloes. Essential parameters for implantable applications (specific absorption rate (SAR), gain, electric (E)-, and magnetic (H)-field) were explored to assess the sensor’s suitability. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the sensor mounted on the diaphragm was also performed for a pressure range of 0–10&#xa0;kPa, and the corresponding stress, strain, and deformation were plotted. The FEA results indicate that deformation alters the dielectric properties of the substrate material at different pressures; thus, it helps identify the zone under advanced pregnancy, enabling preventive measures to be taken before the recurrence of DH.</p>

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On the in vitro analysis and tuneability of the biosensor for bovines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Abhishek Barwar,
  • Prateek Kala,
  • Rupinder Singh

摘要

Recently, a 3D printed polyvinylidene (PVDF) based composite sensor has been developed for the online health monitoring of bovine (post-operative diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery) at a lab scale. However, little has been reported on the in vitro analysis and tuneability of the PVDF composite-based radio-frequency (R-F) sensor on an actual bovine diaphragm (post-implantation). This study focuses on the in vitro analysis of a 3D-printed PVDF composite to assess the implant’s suitability as a DH sensor, with a fabrication strategy and tunability features for real-time health monitoring of the bovine diaphragm (post-surgery). The sensor was designed and simulated to target the average diameter of the hernia ring (75–150 mm) observed in adult milk buffaloes. Essential parameters for implantable applications (specific absorption rate (SAR), gain, electric (E)-, and magnetic (H)-field) were explored to assess the sensor’s suitability. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the sensor mounted on the diaphragm was also performed for a pressure range of 0–10 kPa, and the corresponding stress, strain, and deformation were plotted. The FEA results indicate that deformation alters the dielectric properties of the substrate material at different pressures; thus, it helps identify the zone under advanced pregnancy, enabling preventive measures to be taken before the recurrence of DH.