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<p>The present study reports, for the first time, the complete set of genes in the mitogenome of <i>Filopaludina bengalensis</i>. The mitogenome consists of 37 genes, including 13 Protein-Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which is typical for a metazoan mitogenome. <i>trnM</i>, <i>trnY</i>, <i>trnC</i>, <i>trnG</i>, <i>trnW</i>, <i>trnQ</i>, and <i>trnE</i> genes encoded on the light strand and the remaining on the heavy strand. <i>ND4</i> and <i>COX3</i> possess the start codons ‘ATT’ and ‘GTG’<i>,</i> respectively, whereas the remaining PCGs use the ‘ATG’ start codon. <i>ATP6</i>, <i>CytB</i>, <i>ND4L</i>, <i>ND3</i>, and <i>ND2</i> possess ‘TAG’ termination codon and the remaining PCGs possess ‘TAA’ termination codon. The longest intergenic spacer was observed between <i>ATP6</i> &amp; <i>trnM</i>. Four gene overlaps were identified in the mitogenome. All the 22 tRNAs showed typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The gene order of <i>Filopaludina bengalensis</i> is distinct compared to that of other viviparid genera, namely <i>Bellamya/Sinotaia</i>, <i>Rivularia</i>, <i>Viviparus</i>, <i>Margarya</i>, and <i>Cipangopaludina</i>. <i>Filopaludina bengalensis</i> and <i>Angulyagra polyzonata</i> share an identical gene order. Bayesian Inference of phylogeny revealed <i>Angulyagra polyzonata</i> as a sister group to the monophyletic clade consisted of <i>F bengalensis,</i> consistent with gene order.</p>

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First Report on the Complete Set of Mitochondrial Genes in Filopaludina bengalensis (Lamarck, 1822)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Vijaya Sai Ayyagari

摘要

The present study reports, for the first time, the complete set of genes in the mitogenome of Filopaludina bengalensis. The mitogenome consists of 37 genes, including 13 Protein-Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which is typical for a metazoan mitogenome. trnM, trnY, trnC, trnG, trnW, trnQ, and trnE genes encoded on the light strand and the remaining on the heavy strand. ND4 and COX3 possess the start codons ‘ATT’ and ‘GTG’, respectively, whereas the remaining PCGs use the ‘ATG’ start codon. ATP6, CytB, ND4L, ND3, and ND2 possess ‘TAG’ termination codon and the remaining PCGs possess ‘TAA’ termination codon. The longest intergenic spacer was observed between ATP6 & trnM. Four gene overlaps were identified in the mitogenome. All the 22 tRNAs showed typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The gene order of Filopaludina bengalensis is distinct compared to that of other viviparid genera, namely Bellamya/Sinotaia, Rivularia, Viviparus, Margarya, and Cipangopaludina. Filopaludina bengalensis and Angulyagra polyzonata share an identical gene order. Bayesian Inference of phylogeny revealed Angulyagra polyzonata as a sister group to the monophyletic clade consisted of F bengalensis, consistent with gene order.