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<p>Liquefaction is a process in which saturated, cohesionless soil temporarily loses its strength and behaves like a liquid due to intense shaking, such as during an earthquake. This occurs when excess pore water pressure builds up between soil particles, reducing contact and stability. Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading is a major geotechnical concern, especially in loose, saturated soils, and involves horizontal ground movement that can cause significant damage to structures and infrastructure. Past earthquakes have shown that lateral spreading, triggered by soil liquefaction, frequently results in serious damage. The study area, Dusharapara in Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, India, lies in Seismic Zone IV. Preliminary investigations revealed that the subsoil deposits at the Dusharapara site are susceptible to liquefaction up to a depth of 10.0&#xa0;m. This study uses three-dimensional finite element simulations in OpenSeesPL to evaluate lateral spreading and excess pore pressure in gently sloping ground. OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) provides a platform for simulating geotechnical and structural responses to seismic events. First, the numerical model is validated against the VELACS Model 2 benchmark. Then, simulations are conducted to estimate lateral displacements and pore pressure. The lateral displacement at the ground surface was 0.97&#xa0;m for medium sand and 1.07&#xa0;m for loose sand. Excess pore pressures of 16.5&#xa0;kPa, 34.3&#xa0;kPa, 50.2&#xa0;kPa, and 62.9&#xa0;kPa were recorded at depths of 2.0&#xa0;m, 4.0&#xa0;m, and 6.0&#xa0;m and 8.0&#xa0;m, respectively. This approach provides a useful first approximation of lateral spreading potential due to liquefaction.</p>

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Numerical Investigation of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading and Excess Pore Pressure Using SPT Data from Dusharapara, Bahraich District, Uttar Pradesh, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Md Naseem Ahamad,
  • Neelu Patel,
  • V. P. Singh,
  • Aravind Yadav

摘要

Liquefaction is a process in which saturated, cohesionless soil temporarily loses its strength and behaves like a liquid due to intense shaking, such as during an earthquake. This occurs when excess pore water pressure builds up between soil particles, reducing contact and stability. Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading is a major geotechnical concern, especially in loose, saturated soils, and involves horizontal ground movement that can cause significant damage to structures and infrastructure. Past earthquakes have shown that lateral spreading, triggered by soil liquefaction, frequently results in serious damage. The study area, Dusharapara in Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, India, lies in Seismic Zone IV. Preliminary investigations revealed that the subsoil deposits at the Dusharapara site are susceptible to liquefaction up to a depth of 10.0 m. This study uses three-dimensional finite element simulations in OpenSeesPL to evaluate lateral spreading and excess pore pressure in gently sloping ground. OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) provides a platform for simulating geotechnical and structural responses to seismic events. First, the numerical model is validated against the VELACS Model 2 benchmark. Then, simulations are conducted to estimate lateral displacements and pore pressure. The lateral displacement at the ground surface was 0.97 m for medium sand and 1.07 m for loose sand. Excess pore pressures of 16.5 kPa, 34.3 kPa, 50.2 kPa, and 62.9 kPa were recorded at depths of 2.0 m, 4.0 m, and 6.0 m and 8.0 m, respectively. This approach provides a useful first approximation of lateral spreading potential due to liquefaction.