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<p>Stone columns have been considered an effective ground improvement technique for improving the load-bearing capacity of soft soils. This study presents the results of the improvement of load-bearing capacity of soft soil using waste rubber crumbs derived from waste tyres combined with construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste aggregates as sustainable fillers for stone columns. The waste rubber crumbs were mixed with C&amp;D waste aggregates in varying contents, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight. Laboratory tests were performed on soft clay soil reinforced with a single stone column of 25&#xa0;mm diameter (d) using the aforementioned combinations and natural crushed aggregates (CA) as fillers using three spacing to diameter ratios (s/d = 2, 2.5, and 3). The results reveal that stone columns filled with 6% rubber content with C&amp;D waste exhibited superior performance compared to those filled with CA with a 9% enhancement in bearing capacity. The laboratory results for the optimal combination of waste aggregates and natural aggregates for an s/d ratio of 3 were validated numerically using PLAXIS 3D software. The study also employed FEM (finite element method) analysis on a group of seven stone columns, demonstrating the practical application of the results and the feasibility of replacing traditional stone column filler materials with combined recycled materials for providing environmental benefits through waste utilization and for sustainable ground improvement.</p>

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Optimization of Stone Column Performance Using Waste Rubber Crumbs and Construction and Demolition Aggregate Combination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Abhijeet Shukla,
  • Rakesh Kumar,
  • Neeraj Kumar

摘要

Stone columns have been considered an effective ground improvement technique for improving the load-bearing capacity of soft soils. This study presents the results of the improvement of load-bearing capacity of soft soil using waste rubber crumbs derived from waste tyres combined with construction and demolition (C&D) waste aggregates as sustainable fillers for stone columns. The waste rubber crumbs were mixed with C&D waste aggregates in varying contents, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight. Laboratory tests were performed on soft clay soil reinforced with a single stone column of 25 mm diameter (d) using the aforementioned combinations and natural crushed aggregates (CA) as fillers using three spacing to diameter ratios (s/d = 2, 2.5, and 3). The results reveal that stone columns filled with 6% rubber content with C&D waste exhibited superior performance compared to those filled with CA with a 9% enhancement in bearing capacity. The laboratory results for the optimal combination of waste aggregates and natural aggregates for an s/d ratio of 3 were validated numerically using PLAXIS 3D software. The study also employed FEM (finite element method) analysis on a group of seven stone columns, demonstrating the practical application of the results and the feasibility of replacing traditional stone column filler materials with combined recycled materials for providing environmental benefits through waste utilization and for sustainable ground improvement.