On 3D Dispenser Printing of Tertiary Recycled PVDF for Sensing Applications
摘要
Some studies have reported the tertiary (3°) recycling of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with material extrusion (MEX) based 3D printing. As a melt flow index (MFI) based process, MEX has limitations concerning the amount of reinforcement in a polymer matrix. This study reports a novel 3D dispenser printing technique for 3° recycling of PVDF that may allow higher composition/ proportion of reinforcement for sensing applications. The dispenser printing-based PVDF functional prototypes were prepared by dissolving PVDF granules in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the gel was 3D printed as a substrate of 48 × 50 × 2 (mm) for a microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The 3° recycling of PVDF involves a substantial difference between dispenser printing and MEX. The sensing capability of the PVDF substrate was explored using a ring resonator (RR) test, and its resonance frequency (Rf) was observed by using a Vector network analyzer (VNA). Further, its sensing capability in the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band was explored using reverse transmission (S21), reflection coefficient (S11), and specific absorption ratio (SAR) values. The calculated values of S21, S11, and SAR for PVDF were -93.90493 dB, -10.17671 dB, and 1.175 W/kg, respectively. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).