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<p>The present study involved an initial examination of the species focussing on external genital morphology, followed by the landmark-based geometric morphometry to evaluate the shape variation of external male genitalia, specifically the valvae of six species; <i>Aulocera swaha</i> (Kollar, [1844]), <i>Aulocera padma</i> (Kollar, 1844), <i>Callerebia annada</i> (Moore, 1858), <i>Callerebia nirmala</i> (Moore, 1865)<i>, Lethe rohria</i> (Fabricius, 1787) and <i>Lethe verma</i> (Kollar, 1844). We observed significant differences in the male genital valve morphology among six species (Wilks’ λ = 0.007, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The principal component analysis produced significant shape variables for total variance and covariance (PC1 = 53.54%) and (PC2 = 39.79%). In taxonomic and systematic investigations, geometric morphometrics is a well-established tool that provides a strong statistical method for examining form variation and covariation. By comparing the genital morphology of males in a few chosen species, the objective of this study was to determine how well geometric morphometrics can supplement existing taxonomic methods.</p>

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Using Male Genital Morphology to Distinguish Species of the Family Nymphalidae (Insects: Lepidoptera) with a Geometric Morphometric Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Romila Devi,
  • Pawan Kumar

摘要

The present study involved an initial examination of the species focussing on external genital morphology, followed by the landmark-based geometric morphometry to evaluate the shape variation of external male genitalia, specifically the valvae of six species; Aulocera swaha (Kollar, [1844]), Aulocera padma (Kollar, 1844), Callerebia annada (Moore, 1858), Callerebia nirmala (Moore, 1865), Lethe rohria (Fabricius, 1787) and Lethe verma (Kollar, 1844). We observed significant differences in the male genital valve morphology among six species (Wilks’ λ = 0.007, p < 0.001). The principal component analysis produced significant shape variables for total variance and covariance (PC1 = 53.54%) and (PC2 = 39.79%). In taxonomic and systematic investigations, geometric morphometrics is a well-established tool that provides a strong statistical method for examining form variation and covariation. By comparing the genital morphology of males in a few chosen species, the objective of this study was to determine how well geometric morphometrics can supplement existing taxonomic methods.