Background <p>Pulmonary drug administration has gained considerable interest as a non-invasive and targeted approach for treating various respiratory infections. The lungs possess distinctive characteristics, such as their vast absorptive surface area, enhanced blood circulation, and thin epithelial layer, making them an appealing target for inhalation therapy. However, the intricate structure and physiological obstacles of the lungs present considerable problems for the administration of drugs to the pulmonary system.</p> Area covered <p>This review thoroughly examines pulmonary therapy’s benefits and limitations, emphasizing the significance of understanding the interactions between particles and respiratory components. This review article explores different methods used to construct pharmaceutical carriers for delivering drugs to the lungs. These methods include spray drying (SD), spray freeze drying (SFD), supercritical critical fluid (SCF), and novel technologies like particle replication in non-wetting templates (PRINT), hot melt extrusion (HME), thin film freezing (TFF), TechnoSphere technology®, and PulmoSphere technology®. Additionally, the review&#xa0;explores the crucial physicochemical properties that determine the critical quality aspects of pharmaceutical-tailored formulations.</p> Expert opinion <p>Drug delivery via pulmonary route presents significant potential for treating respiratory disorders. However, its progress depends on overcoming the intricate structural and physiological barriers of the lungs. This review highlights the evolving technologies and formulation methods that are being developed to enhance drug delivery for pulmonary applications. As we progress, it becomes increasingly clear that addressing the complex issues concerning particle design, stability, and bioavailability will be crucial for understanding the full potential of inhalable medicines in clinical applications.</p>

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Current trends in inhaled pharmaceuticals: challenges and opportunities in respiratory infections treatment

  • Kiramat Ali Shah,
  • Anam Razzaq,
  • Amos Dormocara,
  • Bengang You,
  • Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi,
  • Ali A. Shati,
  • Mohammad Y. Alfaifi,
  • Haroon Iqbal,
  • Jing-Hao Cui

摘要

Background

Pulmonary drug administration has gained considerable interest as a non-invasive and targeted approach for treating various respiratory infections. The lungs possess distinctive characteristics, such as their vast absorptive surface area, enhanced blood circulation, and thin epithelial layer, making them an appealing target for inhalation therapy. However, the intricate structure and physiological obstacles of the lungs present considerable problems for the administration of drugs to the pulmonary system.

Area covered

This review thoroughly examines pulmonary therapy’s benefits and limitations, emphasizing the significance of understanding the interactions between particles and respiratory components. This review article explores different methods used to construct pharmaceutical carriers for delivering drugs to the lungs. These methods include spray drying (SD), spray freeze drying (SFD), supercritical critical fluid (SCF), and novel technologies like particle replication in non-wetting templates (PRINT), hot melt extrusion (HME), thin film freezing (TFF), TechnoSphere technology®, and PulmoSphere technology®. Additionally, the review explores the crucial physicochemical properties that determine the critical quality aspects of pharmaceutical-tailored formulations.

Expert opinion

Drug delivery via pulmonary route presents significant potential for treating respiratory disorders. However, its progress depends on overcoming the intricate structural and physiological barriers of the lungs. This review highlights the evolving technologies and formulation methods that are being developed to enhance drug delivery for pulmonary applications. As we progress, it becomes increasingly clear that addressing the complex issues concerning particle design, stability, and bioavailability will be crucial for understanding the full potential of inhalable medicines in clinical applications.