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<p>The milpa is a Mesoamerican agroecological polyculture that faces productivity limitations due to environmental factors, and the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents a promising strategy to mitigate these stressors. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a bioinoculant based on <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270, applied in liquid form and encapsulated in alginate beads, on the growth and production of <i>Zea mays</i> within a milpa system associated with <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> and <i>Cucurbita</i> spp. Both formulations improved maize growth, significantly enhancing chlorophyll content, plant height, root development, and biomass. The liquid bioinoculant increased maize yield by 35–37% compared to uninoculated plants, while the encapsulated formulation increased it by 43–44%. In the milpa system, yield increases were 24–25% and 15–17% for the liquid and encapsulated treatments, respectively. Compared with diammonium phosphate (DAP), maize production increased by 21–54% under bioinoculation treatments. The combination of bioinoculants with DAP was compatible, resulting in 37–45% yield increases, while <i>P. vulgaris</i> and <i>Cucurbita</i> spp. showed no significant yield changes, except when DAP was applied in combination with the bacterial inoculum. Differences among treatments were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). These findings highlight the consistency of a field-applied bioinoculant based on <i>P. fluorescens</i> UM270, regardless of the formulation method, as a sustainable biotechnological tool to improve maize productivity in the milpa system and as a potential alternative to synthetic fertilizers.</p>

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Comparative Field Evaluation of Pseudomonas-Based Inocula on Maize Growth Traits and Yield Components in a Milpa System: A PGPR Alternative to Synthetic Fetilizers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Blanca Rojas-Sánchez,
  • Ma. del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda,
  • Gustavo Santoyo

摘要

The milpa is a Mesoamerican agroecological polyculture that faces productivity limitations due to environmental factors, and the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents a promising strategy to mitigate these stressors. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a bioinoculant based on Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270, applied in liquid form and encapsulated in alginate beads, on the growth and production of Zea mays within a milpa system associated with Phaseolus vulgaris and Cucurbita spp. Both formulations improved maize growth, significantly enhancing chlorophyll content, plant height, root development, and biomass. The liquid bioinoculant increased maize yield by 35–37% compared to uninoculated plants, while the encapsulated formulation increased it by 43–44%. In the milpa system, yield increases were 24–25% and 15–17% for the liquid and encapsulated treatments, respectively. Compared with diammonium phosphate (DAP), maize production increased by 21–54% under bioinoculation treatments. The combination of bioinoculants with DAP was compatible, resulting in 37–45% yield increases, while P. vulgaris and Cucurbita spp. showed no significant yield changes, except when DAP was applied in combination with the bacterial inoculum. Differences among treatments were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). These findings highlight the consistency of a field-applied bioinoculant based on P. fluorescens UM270, regardless of the formulation method, as a sustainable biotechnological tool to improve maize productivity in the milpa system and as a potential alternative to synthetic fertilizers.