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<p>Mitigating nitrogen (N) losses, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from excessive sole-N fertilizer use, is critical for environmental and agronomic sustainability. This two-year study evaluates the effects of integrating maize straw (MS) with N fertilizer on N transformation, wheat yield, and farm profitability while assessing all N₂O emission sources to refine global estimates. Higher N (160&#xa0;kg ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) and MS (9 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) rates enhanced nitrification and denitrification due to increased microbial activity, improving nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) availability but also increasing N₂O emissions. These emissions peaked at 124&#xa0;days after sowing (DAS) in both years. However, integrating N and MS reduced N losses in the second year. The study provides insights into plant-mediated N₂O emissions, demonstrating minimal reliance on external inputs using the plant-cutting method. Correlation and principal component analysis highlight integrated N and MS management as crucial for improving productivity, reducing N₂O emissions, and enhancing soil health. Economic analysis confirms that combining N and MS significantly increases wheat profitability, with all treatments achieving a value-cost ratio &gt; 2. Balanced fertilization (120&#xa0;kg N ha⁻<sup>1</sup> and 6 t MS ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) optimizes yield, reduces environmental impacts, and sustains soil health long-term.</p>

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Effect of Nitrogen and Maize Straw on Soil Nitrogen Transformation, Farm Profitability, and Wheat Yield: Balancing Productivity and Environmental Sustainability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Siddique Ahmad,
  • Wenjing Song,
  • Yanling Mu,
  • Xiaobin Zhang,
  • Shuping Xiong,
  • Muhammad Arif,
  • Muhammad Amjad,
  • Laiba Urooj,
  • Basit Ullah,
  • Xinming Ma,
  • Yihao Wei

摘要

Mitigating nitrogen (N) losses, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from excessive sole-N fertilizer use, is critical for environmental and agronomic sustainability. This two-year study evaluates the effects of integrating maize straw (MS) with N fertilizer on N transformation, wheat yield, and farm profitability while assessing all N₂O emission sources to refine global estimates. Higher N (160 kg ha⁻1) and MS (9 t ha⁻1) rates enhanced nitrification and denitrification due to increased microbial activity, improving nitrate (NO3−) availability but also increasing N₂O emissions. These emissions peaked at 124 days after sowing (DAS) in both years. However, integrating N and MS reduced N losses in the second year. The study provides insights into plant-mediated N₂O emissions, demonstrating minimal reliance on external inputs using the plant-cutting method. Correlation and principal component analysis highlight integrated N and MS management as crucial for improving productivity, reducing N₂O emissions, and enhancing soil health. Economic analysis confirms that combining N and MS significantly increases wheat profitability, with all treatments achieving a value-cost ratio > 2. Balanced fertilization (120 kg N ha⁻1 and 6 t MS ha⁻1) optimizes yield, reduces environmental impacts, and sustains soil health long-term.