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<p>Composted plant residues are known to enhance soil properties, crop root growth, and root physiology, including nitrogen (N) metabolism. Field application of corn cob waste compost (NC-WC) on rhizosphere soil chemical properties, root growth, and root physiology of ginseng were examined. As the NC-WC rate increased, the studied parameters gradually improved up to 28.5 tons per hectare (NC-WC3), but producing statistically similar results in NC-WC4 (38.0 tons per hectare) treatment. The NC-WC3 treatment was the most cost-effective option, significantly improving the chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, including urease and catalase activities, as well as nitrate-, ammonium-, alkaline-hydrolyzable-, and total-N contents. These improvements were reflected positively in the root hormonal balance, contributing to upregulation of root growth and N metabolism. This treatment increased the root activity (53.0%), phytohormone contents (indole-3-acetic acid by 33.5%, gibberellic acid by 50.9%, and cytokinins by 60.7%), and activities of superoxide dismutase (33.6%) and peroxidase (40.8%). It also increased ginsenoside content (35.1%), N-metabolizing enzyme activities (nitrate reductase by 124.2%, nitrite reductase by 73.6%, glutamine synthetase by 78.2%, and glutamate dehydrogenase by 50.5%), and N-metabolizing gene expressions (<i>NtNRT1.1</i> by 128.0%, <i>NtNIA1</i> by 144.0%, <i>NtGS1</i> by 158.0%, and <i>NtGDH1</i> by 151.0%). Conversely, this treatment decreased the levels of abscisic acid (50.0%), hydrogen peroxide (43.8%), and malondialdehyde (41.4%) in ginseng roots. These outcomes highlight the examined compost’s potential for enhancing soil sustainability, decreasing the use of chemical fertilizers, and improving crop productivity.</p>

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Novel Corn Cob Waste Compost Distinctly Improves the Chemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil, and Morpho-Physiology of Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) Roots

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Sudad K. Al-Taweel,
  • Aws A. Mohammed,
  • Hesham F. Alharby,
  • Ayaat A. Teleb,
  • Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed,
  • Mostafa M. Rady,
  • Eman E. E. Belal

摘要

Composted plant residues are known to enhance soil properties, crop root growth, and root physiology, including nitrogen (N) metabolism. Field application of corn cob waste compost (NC-WC) on rhizosphere soil chemical properties, root growth, and root physiology of ginseng were examined. As the NC-WC rate increased, the studied parameters gradually improved up to 28.5 tons per hectare (NC-WC3), but producing statistically similar results in NC-WC4 (38.0 tons per hectare) treatment. The NC-WC3 treatment was the most cost-effective option, significantly improving the chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, including urease and catalase activities, as well as nitrate-, ammonium-, alkaline-hydrolyzable-, and total-N contents. These improvements were reflected positively in the root hormonal balance, contributing to upregulation of root growth and N metabolism. This treatment increased the root activity (53.0%), phytohormone contents (indole-3-acetic acid by 33.5%, gibberellic acid by 50.9%, and cytokinins by 60.7%), and activities of superoxide dismutase (33.6%) and peroxidase (40.8%). It also increased ginsenoside content (35.1%), N-metabolizing enzyme activities (nitrate reductase by 124.2%, nitrite reductase by 73.6%, glutamine synthetase by 78.2%, and glutamate dehydrogenase by 50.5%), and N-metabolizing gene expressions (NtNRT1.1 by 128.0%, NtNIA1 by 144.0%, NtGS1 by 158.0%, and NtGDH1 by 151.0%). Conversely, this treatment decreased the levels of abscisic acid (50.0%), hydrogen peroxide (43.8%), and malondialdehyde (41.4%) in ginseng roots. These outcomes highlight the examined compost’s potential for enhancing soil sustainability, decreasing the use of chemical fertilizers, and improving crop productivity.