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<p>This study examined how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from different ecosystems (cultivable and forest) affect maize root colonization and exudation patterns. A gnotobiotic experiment was performed to evaluate AMF colonization and root exudation in <i>Zea mays</i> L. plants after 45&#xa0;days of sowing. The tested AMF species include <i>Glomus microcarpum</i> and <i>Septoglomus constrictum</i> from <i>Allium cepa</i> L<i>.</i>, <i>Glomus hoi</i> and <i>Septoglomus deserticola</i> from <i>Zea mays</i> L., and <i>Gigaspora margarita</i> from <i>Chloroxylon swietenia</i>. Among the fungi tested,&#xa0;<i>Glomus hoi</i>&#xa0;achieved the highest root colonization (77%), followed by&#xa0;<i>Glomus microcarpum</i>&#xa0;(71%), while&#xa0;<i>Gigaspora margarita</i>&#xa0;showed the lowest (50%). Plant root exudates were analyzed with GC–MS to identify changes in metabolite composition. Metabolic analysis showed higher levels of carbohydrates, reducing and non-reducing sugars, proteins, and total flavonoids in the <i>Glomus microcarpum</i> and <i>Glomus hoi</i> treatments. Common metabolites across all treatments included fatty acids, aldehydes, alkanes, organic acids, alcohols, aromatics, phenolics, nitrogenous compounds, terpenoids, steroids, phytohormones, and vitamins. The highest levels of fatty acids and aldehydes (23%) appeared in <i>Glomus microcarpum</i>, while <i>Septoglomus constrictum</i> exhibited the highest levels of aromatics and phenolics (35%). Exudation of terpenoids was notably greater in <i>Glomus hoi</i>. From this, we conclude that AMF species distinctly modify maize root exudation patterns in a species-specific way, potentially shaping the rhizosphere microbiome and affecting plant health.</p>

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Influence of AMF from Cultivable and Forest Ecosystems on Maize Root Exudation Pattern and Mycorrhizal Colonization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Kasthuri Selvakumar,
  • Kalaiselvi Thangavel

摘要

This study examined how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from different ecosystems (cultivable and forest) affect maize root colonization and exudation patterns. A gnotobiotic experiment was performed to evaluate AMF colonization and root exudation in Zea mays L. plants after 45 days of sowing. The tested AMF species include Glomus microcarpum and Septoglomus constrictum from Allium cepa L., Glomus hoi and Septoglomus deserticola from Zea mays L., and Gigaspora margarita from Chloroxylon swietenia. Among the fungi tested, Glomus hoi achieved the highest root colonization (77%), followed by Glomus microcarpum (71%), while Gigaspora margarita showed the lowest (50%). Plant root exudates were analyzed with GC–MS to identify changes in metabolite composition. Metabolic analysis showed higher levels of carbohydrates, reducing and non-reducing sugars, proteins, and total flavonoids in the Glomus microcarpum and Glomus hoi treatments. Common metabolites across all treatments included fatty acids, aldehydes, alkanes, organic acids, alcohols, aromatics, phenolics, nitrogenous compounds, terpenoids, steroids, phytohormones, and vitamins. The highest levels of fatty acids and aldehydes (23%) appeared in Glomus microcarpum, while Septoglomus constrictum exhibited the highest levels of aromatics and phenolics (35%). Exudation of terpenoids was notably greater in Glomus hoi. From this, we conclude that AMF species distinctly modify maize root exudation patterns in a species-specific way, potentially shaping the rhizosphere microbiome and affecting plant health.