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<p>Wheat is highly sensitive to terminal heat-stress, which significantly affects major wheat-growing regions in India. However, its impact in non-traditional regions, such as the Indian sub-Himalayan plains under late-sown conditions, remains understudied. Evaluating cultivar responses to terminal heat-stress in relation to phenological and agronomic traits, and identifying stage-specific temperature effects, is crucial for developing mitigation strategies. In this study, five wheat cultivars (HD-2967, HD-3086, DBW-187, K-0307, DBW-14) were evaluated under timely-sown (NSE) and late-sown conditions with delays of 15 (LSE-I), 30 (LSE-II), and 45 (LSE-III) days. The objective was to assess late-sowing-induced temperature impacts and to identify favourable agro-phenological traits for heat-stress environments. Late-sowing exposed crops to higher maximum (1–3.6&#xa0;°C) and minimum (1.9–3.7&#xa0;°C) temperatures during the reproductive phase in LSE-II and LSE-III, which shortened grain-filling period by 7–8 days. Elevated temperatures under LSE-II and LSE-III reduced ear density (17–41%), grains per ear (9–17%), and 1000-grain weight (6–8%), resulting in yield reductions of 22–51% and economic losses, while LSE-I showed no significant yield decline. Cultivars with higher tillering, greater biomass, and longer vegetative period, such as HD-2967&#xa0;K-0307, performed better under late-sown conditions. Overall, the study highlights significant adverse impacts of terminal high-temperatures on phenology and agronomic traits of late-sown wheat (after December 5) in sub-Himalayan plains, primarily affecting tiller and grain formation. Moreover, contrasting response of cultivars demonstrate the need for ecology-specific cultivar selection from a broader genetic pool for enhanced climate resilience.</p>

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Cultivar Specific Agronomic Responses of Late–Sown Wheat to Terminal Heat Stress in the Eastern Sub–Himalayan Plains of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Arnab Roy Chowdhury,
  • Biplab Mitra,
  • Kali Krishna Hazra,
  • Saikat Das,
  • Anil Kumar Singh,
  • Mainak Ghosh,
  • Shivasankar Acharya,
  • Akbar Hossain

摘要

Wheat is highly sensitive to terminal heat-stress, which significantly affects major wheat-growing regions in India. However, its impact in non-traditional regions, such as the Indian sub-Himalayan plains under late-sown conditions, remains understudied. Evaluating cultivar responses to terminal heat-stress in relation to phenological and agronomic traits, and identifying stage-specific temperature effects, is crucial for developing mitigation strategies. In this study, five wheat cultivars (HD-2967, HD-3086, DBW-187, K-0307, DBW-14) were evaluated under timely-sown (NSE) and late-sown conditions with delays of 15 (LSE-I), 30 (LSE-II), and 45 (LSE-III) days. The objective was to assess late-sowing-induced temperature impacts and to identify favourable agro-phenological traits for heat-stress environments. Late-sowing exposed crops to higher maximum (1–3.6 °C) and minimum (1.9–3.7 °C) temperatures during the reproductive phase in LSE-II and LSE-III, which shortened grain-filling period by 7–8 days. Elevated temperatures under LSE-II and LSE-III reduced ear density (17–41%), grains per ear (9–17%), and 1000-grain weight (6–8%), resulting in yield reductions of 22–51% and economic losses, while LSE-I showed no significant yield decline. Cultivars with higher tillering, greater biomass, and longer vegetative period, such as HD-2967 K-0307, performed better under late-sown conditions. Overall, the study highlights significant adverse impacts of terminal high-temperatures on phenology and agronomic traits of late-sown wheat (after December 5) in sub-Himalayan plains, primarily affecting tiller and grain formation. Moreover, contrasting response of cultivars demonstrate the need for ecology-specific cultivar selection from a broader genetic pool for enhanced climate resilience.