<p>In the context of climate change and the scarcity of resources, wastewater systems are confronted with significant challenges. Resource-oriented sanitation systems (ROSS) facilitate targeted treatment and resource recovery on site through the separate collection and treatment of individual wastewater sub-streams (e.g. grey water, urine). The implementation of these systems has the potential to alleviate the burden on existing infrastructures. Practical examples of ROSS have been identified which demonstrate their current areas of application. The BeReit project shows that urine separation can reduce aeration demand and trace substance emissions of wastewater treatment plants.</p>