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<p>This study investigates the photocatalytic decolorization of methyl red dye using novel TiO<sub>2</sub>/Zr-HMS/CaO ternary composite catalysts. The research focuses on optimizing decolorization efficiency through systematic variation of key parameters including pH, process time, temperature, and Si/Zr molar ratio. The catalyst was synthesized using a modified sol–gel method and characterized through comprehensive analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, UV–vis DRS, and BET analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the catalyst exhibits significant photocatalytic activity, with optimal conditions identified as pH 3, process time of 35&#xa0;min, temperature of 40&#xa0;°C, and Si/Zr molar ratio of 20, achieving a remarkable removal efficiency of 80.90%. Statistical analysis using response surface methodology revealed complex interactions between the variables, with pH and process time showing the most significant effects on decolorization efficiency.</p>

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Photocatalytic activity investigation of novel TiO2/Zr-HMS/CaO ternary composites with optimized interface properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • N. Parsafard,
  • F. Eslami Kaliji

摘要

This study investigates the photocatalytic decolorization of methyl red dye using novel TiO2/Zr-HMS/CaO ternary composite catalysts. The research focuses on optimizing decolorization efficiency through systematic variation of key parameters including pH, process time, temperature, and Si/Zr molar ratio. The catalyst was synthesized using a modified sol–gel method and characterized through comprehensive analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, UV–vis DRS, and BET analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the catalyst exhibits significant photocatalytic activity, with optimal conditions identified as pH 3, process time of 35 min, temperature of 40 °C, and Si/Zr molar ratio of 20, achieving a remarkable removal efficiency of 80.90%. Statistical analysis using response surface methodology revealed complex interactions between the variables, with pH and process time showing the most significant effects on decolorization efficiency.