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<p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of drought, flooding and alternating drought-flood conditions on heavy metals uptake (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) by alfalfa plants, growth performance, and oxidative stress responses in alfalfa plants (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) cultivated in agricultural soils with varying contamination levels. A pots experiments was conducted under controlled conditions. After 60 days of growth, plants were exposed to six distinct water stress treatments for a period of 15 days. Heavy metal accumulation in roots and shoots was quantified. In addition, morphological parameters, including root and shoot length as well as fresh biomass were recorded. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde content and the activities of key antioxidants enzymes, namely glutathione-S-transferase and catalase. The results demonstrated that water stress adversely affected plant growth with a pronounced reduction in root length, particularly in moderately contaminated soils, suggesting growth inhibition associated with enhanced oxidative stress. Chlorophyll a and b contents significantly decreased under prolonged drought and alternating drought-flood conditions, indicating impaired photosynthetic capacity. Antioxidant responses showed marked variability between plant organs and across treatments. Overall, this study highlights the interactive effects of water stress and soil contamination on plant physiological and biochemical processes. These findings provide valuable insights for improving crop resilience and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in environments subject to both water stress and heavy metal contamination.</p>

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Interactive drought–flood stress effects on heavy metal dynamics and alfalfa responses in contaminated soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • L. Chebbi,
  • I. Boughattas,
  • S. Helaoui,
  • M. Mkhinini,
  • H. Ghazouani,
  • H. Mannai,
  • S. Gaida,
  • V. Alphonse,
  • A. Livet,
  • N. Bousserrhine

摘要

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of drought, flooding and alternating drought-flood conditions on heavy metals uptake (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) by alfalfa plants, growth performance, and oxidative stress responses in alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa) cultivated in agricultural soils with varying contamination levels. A pots experiments was conducted under controlled conditions. After 60 days of growth, plants were exposed to six distinct water stress treatments for a period of 15 days. Heavy metal accumulation in roots and shoots was quantified. In addition, morphological parameters, including root and shoot length as well as fresh biomass were recorded. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde content and the activities of key antioxidants enzymes, namely glutathione-S-transferase and catalase. The results demonstrated that water stress adversely affected plant growth with a pronounced reduction in root length, particularly in moderately contaminated soils, suggesting growth inhibition associated with enhanced oxidative stress. Chlorophyll a and b contents significantly decreased under prolonged drought and alternating drought-flood conditions, indicating impaired photosynthetic capacity. Antioxidant responses showed marked variability between plant organs and across treatments. Overall, this study highlights the interactive effects of water stress and soil contamination on plant physiological and biochemical processes. These findings provide valuable insights for improving crop resilience and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in environments subject to both water stress and heavy metal contamination.