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<p>This study presents promising approach for potential wastewater treatment applications by modifying orange peel biochar (OPBC) into a magnetized biochar (m-OPBC) for the efficient clearance of cationic malachite green (MG) and anionic tartrazine yellow (TY) dyes from aqueous media. Magnetization significantly enhanced the adsorbent's properties, increasing the surface area by 45% (from 13.56 to 25.24&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g) and introducing mesoporosity. The adsorption performance was significantly influenced by the solution pH. The m-OPBC removed 95% of malachite green at pH 9 and 90% of tartrazine at pH 4. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, as evidenced by the close fit between the experimental results and the calculated results and matched the Langmuir model, meaning the dyes were adsorbed in a single layer mainly through combined physical and chemical interactions. Crucially, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis visually confirmed adsorption, showing a substantial increase in surface height for dye-loaded sorbents (e.g., from 374 to 784&#xa0;nm for MG@m-OPBC). The magnetization also shifted the point of zero charge (pHpzc) from 5.5 to 8, tailoring the surface charge for optimal dye interaction. Furthermore, m-OPBC exhibited exceptional reusability, retaining over 75% removal performance for both dyes after five repeated sorption–desorption rounds. These findings indicate that magnetic OPBC is an effective, reusable, and economical adsorbent, presenting a viable approach for treating dye-contaminated aqueous media by simple modification of agricultural biomass<b>.</b></p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Towards sustainability: removal of tartrazine yellow and malachite green from water using pristine and magnetic orange peels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • R. E. El-Azabawy,
  • O. E. El-Azabawy,
  • M. E. Abdel-Raouf,
  • R. S. Kamal

摘要

This study presents promising approach for potential wastewater treatment applications by modifying orange peel biochar (OPBC) into a magnetized biochar (m-OPBC) for the efficient clearance of cationic malachite green (MG) and anionic tartrazine yellow (TY) dyes from aqueous media. Magnetization significantly enhanced the adsorbent's properties, increasing the surface area by 45% (from 13.56 to 25.24 m2/g) and introducing mesoporosity. The adsorption performance was significantly influenced by the solution pH. The m-OPBC removed 95% of malachite green at pH 9 and 90% of tartrazine at pH 4. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, as evidenced by the close fit between the experimental results and the calculated results and matched the Langmuir model, meaning the dyes were adsorbed in a single layer mainly through combined physical and chemical interactions. Crucially, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis visually confirmed adsorption, showing a substantial increase in surface height for dye-loaded sorbents (e.g., from 374 to 784 nm for MG@m-OPBC). The magnetization also shifted the point of zero charge (pHpzc) from 5.5 to 8, tailoring the surface charge for optimal dye interaction. Furthermore, m-OPBC exhibited exceptional reusability, retaining over 75% removal performance for both dyes after five repeated sorption–desorption rounds. These findings indicate that magnetic OPBC is an effective, reusable, and economical adsorbent, presenting a viable approach for treating dye-contaminated aqueous media by simple modification of agricultural biomass.

Graphical abstract