Climate-change adaptation and ecological, economic, social sustainability: experiences in mountainous rural areas of southeastern China
摘要
Mountainous rural areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change, facing a range of cascading risks to ecological integrity, economic stability, and social cohesion. Although Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) is widely acknowledged as crucial for rural sustainability, its implementation is often hindered by complex socio-ecological dynamics and conflicting stakeholder interests. This study addresses these challenges by introducing and applying a participatory, multi-method assessment framework that combines qualitative stakeholder analysis with structured decision-support tools. Conducted in a representative mountainous rural area in China, the research employs a sequential mixed-method design: (1) SWOT analysis with local officials, villagers, entrepreneurs, and academics; (2) thematic synthesis of ecological, economic, and social barriers; and (3) co-development of adaptation roadmaps through multi-stakeholder workshops. This methodological study enables the identification of main barriers and facilitates the co-creation of six integrated adaptation pathways: (A1) afforestation and water conservation weirs, (A2) vertical ecological enrichment, (B1) ecological food and multi-seasonal tourism, (B2) policy-supported agroforestry, (C1) a dedicated CCA coordination office, and (C2) multi-channel knowledge sharing. The study demonstrates that local knowledge and the priorities of multiple stakeholders can be translated into actionable strategies, effectively bridging the gap between top-down policies and bottom-up realities. The proposed framework offers a replicable model for promoting climate-resilient and sustainable development in vulnerable mountainous areas worldwide.