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<p>Diesel-contaminated soils pose a major environmental challenge due to the persistence and toxicity of hydrocarbons.</p><p>This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of microwave-assisted treatment enhanced with graphite for the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils, focusing on the effects of operational parameters on diesel removal efficiency.</p><p>A laboratory-scale microwave system operating at 2.45&#xa0;GHz was used to treat diesel-contaminated soil under controlled variations of microwave power, graphite content, moisture content, and exposure time. Graphite and water were added as microwave absorbents to enhance heat transfer. Piecewise and cumulative average powers reaching the soil were experimentally calibrated using an energy balance approach. Diesel removal efficiency was determined for multiple combinations of graphite content (0–2.5&#xa0;wt%), moisture content (0–10&#xa0;wt%), microwave power (450–570&#xa0;W), and exposure times (2–7&#xa0;min). Graphite content was the most influential factor, with efficiencies peaking at graphite contents above 2.5&#xa0;wt%. An optimal moisture content of 5&#xa0;wt% achieved the best balance between microwave absorption and water evaporation. Increasing microwave exposure time improved diesel removal up to 4&#xa0;min, beyond which gains diminished. Microwave powers above 520&#xa0;W offered little additional benefit, indicating diminishing returns on energy use. The optimal conditions (graphite content = 2.5&#xa0;wt%, moisture content = 5&#xa0;wt%, 4&#xa0;min, 520&#xa0;W) achieved the highest diesel removal efficiency while minimizing energy consumption. The findings confirm that graphite-enhanced microwave treatment provides an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable approach for remediating diesel-contaminated soils. Optimization of key parameters significantly improves performance and energy efficiency, underscoring the method’s potential for scalable field applications.</p>

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Graphite-enhanced microwave-assisted treatment of diesel-contaminated soils: exploring key factors influencing oil removal efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • N. Amini,
  • M. R. Talaei Khoozani,
  • G. Karimi,
  • A. Chu

摘要

Diesel-contaminated soils pose a major environmental challenge due to the persistence and toxicity of hydrocarbons.

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of microwave-assisted treatment enhanced with graphite for the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils, focusing on the effects of operational parameters on diesel removal efficiency.

A laboratory-scale microwave system operating at 2.45 GHz was used to treat diesel-contaminated soil under controlled variations of microwave power, graphite content, moisture content, and exposure time. Graphite and water were added as microwave absorbents to enhance heat transfer. Piecewise and cumulative average powers reaching the soil were experimentally calibrated using an energy balance approach. Diesel removal efficiency was determined for multiple combinations of graphite content (0–2.5 wt%), moisture content (0–10 wt%), microwave power (450–570 W), and exposure times (2–7 min). Graphite content was the most influential factor, with efficiencies peaking at graphite contents above 2.5 wt%. An optimal moisture content of 5 wt% achieved the best balance between microwave absorption and water evaporation. Increasing microwave exposure time improved diesel removal up to 4 min, beyond which gains diminished. Microwave powers above 520 W offered little additional benefit, indicating diminishing returns on energy use. The optimal conditions (graphite content = 2.5 wt%, moisture content = 5 wt%, 4 min, 520 W) achieved the highest diesel removal efficiency while minimizing energy consumption. The findings confirm that graphite-enhanced microwave treatment provides an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable approach for remediating diesel-contaminated soils. Optimization of key parameters significantly improves performance and energy efficiency, underscoring the method’s potential for scalable field applications.