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<p>This study investigates the speciation, ecological risks, and contamination levels of trace elements (TEs): iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in soils surrounding iron mine in Tunisia, highlighting environmental impacts of mining legacies. It also identifies key factors governing TE mobility and bioavailability, to support remediation strategies. Nine soil samples from upstream, middle, and downstream sites were collected to assess contamination along the mine. Physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses were conducted to identify the environmental drivers of TE migration. A sequential extraction assessed metal distribution, bioavailability, and ecological risks. The highest total concentrations were observed for Fe (260,500 mg/kg), followed by Mn (39,700 mg/kg), Zn (14 600 mg/kg), Pb (21,000 mg/kg), As (1100 mg/kg), and Cd (10 mg/kg). Zn exceeded the industrial limit (300 mg/kg) and Pb surpassed FAO and Canadian guideline values, while As concentrations in Tamra soils exceeded recommended limits (FAO: 50 mg/kg; CCME: 12 mg/kg), indicating significant contamination risk. Sequential extraction showed Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd were mainly in residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions, while Fe and As were mostly residual. Pearson correlation (<i>r</i> &gt; <i>0.60</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>), supported by mineralogical data, highlighted that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and iron oxide content influence TE mobility and bioavailability. Pollution indices revealed moderate contamination for Fe (CF 1–3) to severe for Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, and As (CF &gt; 6), especially near the mining site. These results emphasize the need for targeted management to mitigate contamination and protect human health in mining areas.</p>

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Assessment of trace element soil contamination and environment risks in soils from iron mining areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • O. Ayadi,
  • K. Tlili,
  • S. Bourgerie,
  • Z. Bejaoui

摘要

This study investigates the speciation, ecological risks, and contamination levels of trace elements (TEs): iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in soils surrounding iron mine in Tunisia, highlighting environmental impacts of mining legacies. It also identifies key factors governing TE mobility and bioavailability, to support remediation strategies. Nine soil samples from upstream, middle, and downstream sites were collected to assess contamination along the mine. Physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses were conducted to identify the environmental drivers of TE migration. A sequential extraction assessed metal distribution, bioavailability, and ecological risks. The highest total concentrations were observed for Fe (260,500 mg/kg), followed by Mn (39,700 mg/kg), Zn (14 600 mg/kg), Pb (21,000 mg/kg), As (1100 mg/kg), and Cd (10 mg/kg). Zn exceeded the industrial limit (300 mg/kg) and Pb surpassed FAO and Canadian guideline values, while As concentrations in Tamra soils exceeded recommended limits (FAO: 50 mg/kg; CCME: 12 mg/kg), indicating significant contamination risk. Sequential extraction showed Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd were mainly in residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions, while Fe and As were mostly residual. Pearson correlation (r > 0.60, p < 0.05), supported by mineralogical data, highlighted that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and iron oxide content influence TE mobility and bioavailability. Pollution indices revealed moderate contamination for Fe (CF 1–3) to severe for Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, and As (CF > 6), especially near the mining site. These results emphasize the need for targeted management to mitigate contamination and protect human health in mining areas.