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<p>This study explores the degradation of propylparaben, a common preservative in personal care products, using a UV-activated sodium persulfate (UVC/SPS) system. The experimental framework utilized response surface methodology with the Box–Behnken Design to optimize key operational parameters, including initial concentration, pH, and persulfate dosage. The experimental results demonstrated a degradation efficiency of 96.1% for PrP with an initial concentration of 5.0&#xa0;mg/L after 60&#xa0;min under optimal operational conditions (SPS concentration = 0.5&#xa0;mM/L, pH = 11). The mineralization rates, evaluated in terms of COD and TOC under the same optimal conditions, were 81.62% and 65.34%, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that propylparaben degradation followed first-order kinetics, with a high correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9783), signifying a direct relationship between reaction rate and reactant concentration. The findings highlight the UVC/SPS system as a highly effective method for degrading propylparaben, achieving substantial removal efficiencies under optimal conditions. This research enhances the understanding of advanced oxidation processes for treating persistent organic pollutants and underscores the potential for these technologies to be integrated into wastewater treatment systems to reduce the environmental impact of emerging contaminants. Further research is recommended to assess the scalability and real-world applications of the UVC/SPS system.</p>

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Optimization of UV-activated sodium persulfate system for the degradation of propylparaben from aqueous solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • M. Farzadkia,
  • E. Asgari,
  • A. Esrafili,
  • M. Y. Badi

摘要

This study explores the degradation of propylparaben, a common preservative in personal care products, using a UV-activated sodium persulfate (UVC/SPS) system. The experimental framework utilized response surface methodology with the Box–Behnken Design to optimize key operational parameters, including initial concentration, pH, and persulfate dosage. The experimental results demonstrated a degradation efficiency of 96.1% for PrP with an initial concentration of 5.0 mg/L after 60 min under optimal operational conditions (SPS concentration = 0.5 mM/L, pH = 11). The mineralization rates, evaluated in terms of COD and TOC under the same optimal conditions, were 81.62% and 65.34%, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that propylparaben degradation followed first-order kinetics, with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9783), signifying a direct relationship between reaction rate and reactant concentration. The findings highlight the UVC/SPS system as a highly effective method for degrading propylparaben, achieving substantial removal efficiencies under optimal conditions. This research enhances the understanding of advanced oxidation processes for treating persistent organic pollutants and underscores the potential for these technologies to be integrated into wastewater treatment systems to reduce the environmental impact of emerging contaminants. Further research is recommended to assess the scalability and real-world applications of the UVC/SPS system.