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<p>This research focused on developing and assessing polyvinyl chloride/polycarbonate (PVC/PC) blend membranes incorporated with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. The study aimed to evaluate their effectiveness in purifying condensate of whey water (COW Water) sourced from the Pegah Dairy Industry in Tabriz. To characterize the membrane properties, contact angle, pure water flux, mechanical strength, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses were performed. To characterize contaminants in COW Water, analyses were conducted for turbidity, total coliform, BOD, COD, and SDS-PAGE to identify pollutants and organic compounds. All membrane performance assessments were conducted at 1 bar operating pressure, employing pure water permeability tests, bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection studies, and COW Water purification experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the enhanced pure water flux of the membrane resulted directly from the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles. BSA and COW water filtration experiments confirmed that PVC/PC/TiO₂ membranes exhibit higher antifouling performance compared to neat PVC/PC membranes, demonstrating their potential for efficient COW Water purification and quality enhancement. FE-SEM characterization of 1.00 wt% TiO₂-incorporated PVC/PC membranes demonstrated significant morphological changes, with nanoparticle addition transforming finger-like structures into macroporous formations while simultaneously improving BSA adsorption capacity through enhanced porosity and hydrophilicity.</p>

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Development and characterization of PVC/PC/TiO₂ membranes for condensate whey water purification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • S. Azizollahzadeh,
  • N. Ranjbaran,
  • R. Yegani,
  • Y. Jaffarzadeh,
  • S. Salmani

摘要

This research focused on developing and assessing polyvinyl chloride/polycarbonate (PVC/PC) blend membranes incorporated with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. The study aimed to evaluate their effectiveness in purifying condensate of whey water (COW Water) sourced from the Pegah Dairy Industry in Tabriz. To characterize the membrane properties, contact angle, pure water flux, mechanical strength, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses were performed. To characterize contaminants in COW Water, analyses were conducted for turbidity, total coliform, BOD, COD, and SDS-PAGE to identify pollutants and organic compounds. All membrane performance assessments were conducted at 1 bar operating pressure, employing pure water permeability tests, bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection studies, and COW Water purification experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the enhanced pure water flux of the membrane resulted directly from the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles. BSA and COW water filtration experiments confirmed that PVC/PC/TiO₂ membranes exhibit higher antifouling performance compared to neat PVC/PC membranes, demonstrating their potential for efficient COW Water purification and quality enhancement. FE-SEM characterization of 1.00 wt% TiO₂-incorporated PVC/PC membranes demonstrated significant morphological changes, with nanoparticle addition transforming finger-like structures into macroporous formations while simultaneously improving BSA adsorption capacity through enhanced porosity and hydrophilicity.