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<p>Drugs and pharmaceuticals are posing a potential threat to the aquatic ecosystem due to their continuous effluence without inadequate processing. Numerous green and advanced materials are being synthesized for the mitigation of highly toxic and emerging pollutants from water. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most sustainable, efficient and economical materials in the list and are synthesized using both conventional and green methodologies for their application, where the most common and sophisticated mechanism of removal is adsorption. This study discusses and elaborates a deep understanding of conventional and green nanotubes, their properties, methods of synthesis, functionalization and the mechanism of removal of drugs where CNTs may completely remove them from water. Highly efficient removal of various drugs such as tetracycline, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc. has been presented and critically discussed. Additionally, challenges and future prospects have been discussed to provide a better idea in the field.</p>

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Carbon nanotubes: conventional and green methods of synthesis and adsorptive mitigation of pharmaceuticals from water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Q. Mushtaq,
  • M. Akhtar,
  • D. Fatima,
  • M. Hedar,
  • A. Anwar,
  • A. Intisar

摘要

Drugs and pharmaceuticals are posing a potential threat to the aquatic ecosystem due to their continuous effluence without inadequate processing. Numerous green and advanced materials are being synthesized for the mitigation of highly toxic and emerging pollutants from water. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most sustainable, efficient and economical materials in the list and are synthesized using both conventional and green methodologies for their application, where the most common and sophisticated mechanism of removal is adsorption. This study discusses and elaborates a deep understanding of conventional and green nanotubes, their properties, methods of synthesis, functionalization and the mechanism of removal of drugs where CNTs may completely remove them from water. Highly efficient removal of various drugs such as tetracycline, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc. has been presented and critically discussed. Additionally, challenges and future prospects have been discussed to provide a better idea in the field.