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<p>Soil microbial communities are fundamental to nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and soil stabilization, all of which underpin environmental sustainability. However, land-use changes and environmental stressors, particularly soil compaction, can disrupt native microbial diversity and function. This study investigated the impact of seasonal variation and compaction effect on microbial community composition within clay-rich baseliners at the Pulau Burung sanitary landfill. Baseliner samples were collected during both dry and rainy seasons at a 30 cm depth in biological replicates. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene revealed dynamic microbial shifts across seasons at a 98% similarity threshold. Genus-level ternary plot analysis demonstrated seasonally distinct microbial profiles: dry season samples exhibited unbalanced, highly variable communities, while rainy season samples presented more balanced compositions dominated by key genera. Across seasons, consistently dominant genera included <i>Collinsella</i>, <i>Soehngenia</i>, <i>Thermomonas</i>, <i>Acidiphilium</i>, <i>Fusicatenibacter</i>, <i>Polynucleobacter</i>, <i>Thermovirga</i>, <i>Hydrocarboniphaga</i>, <i>Thiolamprovum</i>, <i>Longimycelium</i>, <i>Ottowia</i>, <i>Pseudorhodobacter</i>, <i>Actinospica</i>, <i>Acidothermus</i>, and <i>Vitellibacter</i>, indicating stable core taxa with potential functional roles in the compacted liner microbiome. Despite visible seasonal taxonomic shifts in microbial diversity and structure, PERMANOVA showed no significant effect (p &gt; 0.05), indicating compaction and seasonal fluctuations as key drivers. Topological Data Analysis using the Ball Mapper algorithm alongside conventional statistical methods revealed no correlation between leachate and the baseliner's physicochemical parameters, confirming the environmental containment efficacy of the baseliner. Spatial heterogeneity in microbial diversity reflected microenvironmental influences shaped by compaction stress. The study focused on the impact of compaction and seasonal variation on microbial communities in engineered environments, emphasizing the need to preserve diversity for baseliner and soil health and providing insights for sustainable land-use and ecosystem management.</p>

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Seasonal variations and compaction effects on microbial composition and physicochemical properties of a sanitary landfill baseliner

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • G. O. Akuaka,
  • H. Haris,
  • K. Z. Zarkasi,
  • G. Furusawa,
  • V. N. Madukpe,
  • Z. H. Yusuf

摘要

Soil microbial communities are fundamental to nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and soil stabilization, all of which underpin environmental sustainability. However, land-use changes and environmental stressors, particularly soil compaction, can disrupt native microbial diversity and function. This study investigated the impact of seasonal variation and compaction effect on microbial community composition within clay-rich baseliners at the Pulau Burung sanitary landfill. Baseliner samples were collected during both dry and rainy seasons at a 30 cm depth in biological replicates. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene revealed dynamic microbial shifts across seasons at a 98% similarity threshold. Genus-level ternary plot analysis demonstrated seasonally distinct microbial profiles: dry season samples exhibited unbalanced, highly variable communities, while rainy season samples presented more balanced compositions dominated by key genera. Across seasons, consistently dominant genera included Collinsella, Soehngenia, Thermomonas, Acidiphilium, Fusicatenibacter, Polynucleobacter, Thermovirga, Hydrocarboniphaga, Thiolamprovum, Longimycelium, Ottowia, Pseudorhodobacter, Actinospica, Acidothermus, and Vitellibacter, indicating stable core taxa with potential functional roles in the compacted liner microbiome. Despite visible seasonal taxonomic shifts in microbial diversity and structure, PERMANOVA showed no significant effect (p > 0.05), indicating compaction and seasonal fluctuations as key drivers. Topological Data Analysis using the Ball Mapper algorithm alongside conventional statistical methods revealed no correlation between leachate and the baseliner's physicochemical parameters, confirming the environmental containment efficacy of the baseliner. Spatial heterogeneity in microbial diversity reflected microenvironmental influences shaped by compaction stress. The study focused on the impact of compaction and seasonal variation on microbial communities in engineered environments, emphasizing the need to preserve diversity for baseliner and soil health and providing insights for sustainable land-use and ecosystem management.