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<p>This study investigates a low-cost and sustainable approach for decentralized wastewater treatment using locally available filtration materials such as sand, red brick, and marble waste. The main objective was to evaluate the purification and decontamination efficiency of these materials for secondary effluents from urban wastewater treatment. Experimental results revealed that red brick and marble filters achieved outstanding pollutant removal, with reductions of 86.58% for COD, 86.59% for BOD<sub>5</sub>, 84.6% for NH<sub>3</sub>-N, 64% for orthophosphate, 99.11% for TSS, 97.31% for fecal coliforms, 99.51% for total coliforms, and 93% for <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Remarkably, these performances were obtained with a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 45&#xa0;min, which is significantly lower than that reported in similar infiltration–percolation systems (Borrego-Limón et al. in Environ Technol Innov 30:103016, 2025a; Borrego-Limón et al. in Processes 13:2564, 2025b; Saeed &amp; Sun in Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:1–11, 2020; Sirianuntapiboon et al. in Sci Asia 32:309–314, 2006). The high efficiency achieved within such a short contact time demonstrates the synergistic effect of red brick’s porous structure and marble’s alkalinity, enhancing both physico-chemical and microbial removal processes. The treated effluent met the quality standards for agricultural reuse, promoting circular economy principles through the valorization of construction waste materials. This work highlights a green and efficient strategy to improve wastewater treatment sustainability in resource-limited contexts.</p>

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Reusing marble and brick waste as cost-effective filters for treating secondary wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • E. Leila,
  • M. Bali,
  • B. Lissir,
  • U. Gayh

摘要

This study investigates a low-cost and sustainable approach for decentralized wastewater treatment using locally available filtration materials such as sand, red brick, and marble waste. The main objective was to evaluate the purification and decontamination efficiency of these materials for secondary effluents from urban wastewater treatment. Experimental results revealed that red brick and marble filters achieved outstanding pollutant removal, with reductions of 86.58% for COD, 86.59% for BOD5, 84.6% for NH3-N, 64% for orthophosphate, 99.11% for TSS, 97.31% for fecal coliforms, 99.51% for total coliforms, and 93% for Escherichia coli. Remarkably, these performances were obtained with a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 45 min, which is significantly lower than that reported in similar infiltration–percolation systems (Borrego-Limón et al. in Environ Technol Innov 30:103016, 2025a; Borrego-Limón et al. in Processes 13:2564, 2025b; Saeed & Sun in Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:1–11, 2020; Sirianuntapiboon et al. in Sci Asia 32:309–314, 2006). The high efficiency achieved within such a short contact time demonstrates the synergistic effect of red brick’s porous structure and marble’s alkalinity, enhancing both physico-chemical and microbial removal processes. The treated effluent met the quality standards for agricultural reuse, promoting circular economy principles through the valorization of construction waste materials. This work highlights a green and efficient strategy to improve wastewater treatment sustainability in resource-limited contexts.