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<p>Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination threatens industrial processes, agriculture, human health and ecosystems. Sustainable remediation techniques&#xa0;-&#xa0;particularly bioremediation and adsorption&#xa0;-&#xa0;offer effective ways to mitigate its toxicity. Biochar, produced by pyrolyzing biomass, not only adsorbs heavy metals but also serves as a support for microbial activity when bacteria are immobilized on its surface. However, optimizing both the choice of feedstock and the pyrolysis conditions to enhance microbial attachment, viability, and Cr(VI) reduction remains a considerable challenge. In this study, biochars derived from grape waste were generated at various pyrolysis temperatures, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> BEIB-18 was subsequently immobilized on the material. The physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the biochars were characterized, and the influences of chromium concentration, pH, biochar dosage, contact time, and temperature on bacterial loading and chromium removal were systematically evaluated. The biochar produced at 800&#xa0;°C exhibited the highest cell density (9.41 log CFU/g), a result attributed to its alkaline pH (9), increased surface area, mesoporous architecture, nutrient availability, and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups. When applied to Cr(VI) remediation, this optimized biochar–bacterium composite achieved a removal efficiency of 48.44% (109&#xa0;mg/g), thereby demonstrating the synergistic potential of combining biochar adsorption with microbial bioreduction, bioaccumulation, biosorption, and biomineralization for heavy-metal decontamination.</p>

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Development of biochar-immobilized Bacillus subtilis BEIB-18 for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) bioremediation in aqueous medium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • V. A. Schommer,
  • M. T. Nazari,
  • A. P. Vanin,
  • D. D. C. Krein,
  • N. Melo,
  • L. F. dos Santos,
  • G. L. Dotto,
  • V. Ferrari,
  • L. M. Colla,
  • A. Dettmer,
  • J. S. Piccin

摘要

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination threatens industrial processes, agriculture, human health and ecosystems. Sustainable remediation techniques - particularly bioremediation and adsorption - offer effective ways to mitigate its toxicity. Biochar, produced by pyrolyzing biomass, not only adsorbs heavy metals but also serves as a support for microbial activity when bacteria are immobilized on its surface. However, optimizing both the choice of feedstock and the pyrolysis conditions to enhance microbial attachment, viability, and Cr(VI) reduction remains a considerable challenge. In this study, biochars derived from grape waste were generated at various pyrolysis temperatures, and Bacillus subtilis BEIB-18 was subsequently immobilized on the material. The physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the biochars were characterized, and the influences of chromium concentration, pH, biochar dosage, contact time, and temperature on bacterial loading and chromium removal were systematically evaluated. The biochar produced at 800 °C exhibited the highest cell density (9.41 log CFU/g), a result attributed to its alkaline pH (9), increased surface area, mesoporous architecture, nutrient availability, and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups. When applied to Cr(VI) remediation, this optimized biochar–bacterium composite achieved a removal efficiency of 48.44% (109 mg/g), thereby demonstrating the synergistic potential of combining biochar adsorption with microbial bioreduction, bioaccumulation, biosorption, and biomineralization for heavy-metal decontamination.