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<p>This study aimed to develop a sustainable alternative to traditional wood pulp by creating biodegradable kraft paper from invasive water hyacinth combined with locally available agricultural waste, including paper mulberry, rice straw, and sugarcane leaf. This approach addresses two environmental concerns simultaneously: the overgrowth of aquatic weeds and the underutilization of post-harvest agricultural residues. Various blend ratios of water hyacinth to agricultural waste (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40) were designed to optimize the mechanical properties and biodegradability of the resulting kraft paper. Laboratory testing was used to assess grammage, water absorption, and tensile strength. Additional analyses included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the chemical structure, X-ray diffraction for crystallinity, thermogravimetric and calorimetric analyses for thermal stability, and scanning electron microscopy for microstructural features. Soil burial tests were used to evaluate biodegradability over eight weeks, and food safety was examined by quantifying lead and cadmium levels using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Kraft paper blended with 40% paper mulberry demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving tensile strength values comparable to commercial standards (0.32&#xa0;MPa), consistent biodegradability (26.9% weight loss), and heavy metal concentrations within acceptable safety limits (lead, 0.012&#xa0;mg/L; cadmium, 0.002&#xa0;mg/L). These findings demonstrate the technical viability of using invasive aquatic plants and agricultural residues to produce kraft paper with suitable mechanical and environmental properties for packaging. The results offer a pathway toward eco-friendly food contact materials and contribute to circular economic practices and sustainable resource management.</p>

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Biodegradable kraft paper from water hyacinth and agricultural byproducts for sustainable packaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • S. Lawanwadeekul,
  • M. Bunma,
  • P. Tongtanee

摘要

This study aimed to develop a sustainable alternative to traditional wood pulp by creating biodegradable kraft paper from invasive water hyacinth combined with locally available agricultural waste, including paper mulberry, rice straw, and sugarcane leaf. This approach addresses two environmental concerns simultaneously: the overgrowth of aquatic weeds and the underutilization of post-harvest agricultural residues. Various blend ratios of water hyacinth to agricultural waste (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40) were designed to optimize the mechanical properties and biodegradability of the resulting kraft paper. Laboratory testing was used to assess grammage, water absorption, and tensile strength. Additional analyses included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the chemical structure, X-ray diffraction for crystallinity, thermogravimetric and calorimetric analyses for thermal stability, and scanning electron microscopy for microstructural features. Soil burial tests were used to evaluate biodegradability over eight weeks, and food safety was examined by quantifying lead and cadmium levels using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Kraft paper blended with 40% paper mulberry demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving tensile strength values comparable to commercial standards (0.32 MPa), consistent biodegradability (26.9% weight loss), and heavy metal concentrations within acceptable safety limits (lead, 0.012 mg/L; cadmium, 0.002 mg/L). These findings demonstrate the technical viability of using invasive aquatic plants and agricultural residues to produce kraft paper with suitable mechanical and environmental properties for packaging. The results offer a pathway toward eco-friendly food contact materials and contribute to circular economic practices and sustainable resource management.