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<p>The olive oil industry produces large volumes of olive mill wastewater (OMW), posing a significant environmental threat due to its high organic and phenolic content. Conventional treatment methods, which often involve chemical coagulants, are costly and have adverse environmental impacts. Alternative biodegradable coagulants from renewable sources can reduce the environmental burdens of OMW treatment. Consequently, contributing towards cleaner olive oil production. Moringa seeds are known for their water purification properties. Moringa is a fast growing, low maintenance tree is well adapted to grow in the same regions of olive groves. This study explores the potential of <i>Moringa peregrina</i> and <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seed extracts as eco-friendly coagulants for OMW treatment as an alternative to aluminum sulfate (alum). Jar test experiments were conducted under varying pH levels and coagulant dosages to assess the effectiveness of Moringa-based treatments in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic compounds. Results indicated that the optimal COD and phenol removal was achieved at pH 6 and a Moringa seed extract dosage of 1&#xa0;mL/L. <i>Moringa peregrina</i> extract achieved 35% phenol removal and 27% COD removal, demonstrating comparable performance to alum with the added benefits of being natural and biodegradable. This study underscores the potential of Moringa seeds as sustainable alternatives for OMW treatment, offering an economical and environmentally friendly solution for the olive oil industry and possibly other food processing wastewater streams.</p>

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Moringa seed coagulant: an eco-friendly solution for olive mill wastewater pretreatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Ammar A. Albalasmeh,
  • Ayat Ghadi,
  • Mamoun A. Gharaibeh,
  • Osama Mohawesh,
  • Ali El Hanandeh

摘要

The olive oil industry produces large volumes of olive mill wastewater (OMW), posing a significant environmental threat due to its high organic and phenolic content. Conventional treatment methods, which often involve chemical coagulants, are costly and have adverse environmental impacts. Alternative biodegradable coagulants from renewable sources can reduce the environmental burdens of OMW treatment. Consequently, contributing towards cleaner olive oil production. Moringa seeds are known for their water purification properties. Moringa is a fast growing, low maintenance tree is well adapted to grow in the same regions of olive groves. This study explores the potential of Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera seed extracts as eco-friendly coagulants for OMW treatment as an alternative to aluminum sulfate (alum). Jar test experiments were conducted under varying pH levels and coagulant dosages to assess the effectiveness of Moringa-based treatments in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic compounds. Results indicated that the optimal COD and phenol removal was achieved at pH 6 and a Moringa seed extract dosage of 1 mL/L. Moringa peregrina extract achieved 35% phenol removal and 27% COD removal, demonstrating comparable performance to alum with the added benefits of being natural and biodegradable. This study underscores the potential of Moringa seeds as sustainable alternatives for OMW treatment, offering an economical and environmentally friendly solution for the olive oil industry and possibly other food processing wastewater streams.