<p>The utilization of poultry waste could mitigate environment damage and generate organic fertilizer and energy. However, the resource utilization of poultry waste is currently confronted with formidable challenges. To facilitate the resource utilization of poultry waste and enhance the sustainable development of the industry, this study integrates the PESTEL and FCM (fuzzy cognitive map) methods to established a hybrid model to analyze the influence of factors on the system, and employs the fuzzy cognitive map to conduct dynamic reasoning research on the system. The results demonstrate that the indegree of S3 is the greatest at 6.598, suggesting that S3 is more likely influenced. The outdegree of P3 is the highest at 3.5, indicating that the factor of system P3 is dynamic and is likely to exert an impact on the system. The top 5 factors in terms of centrality are the breeding behavior characteristics of farmers (S3), the cost of resource utilization (EC4), the convenience of poultry waste utilization (S2), the incentive policies (P3), and financial market tools (EC3), with their centralities being 7.852, 6.42, 6.098, 4.051, and 3.646 respectively. These factors are the most prominent ones impeding the resource utilization of poultry waste. Eventually, this study proposes relevant policy recommendations to facilitate the resource utilization of poultry waste.</p>