<p>Among the water resources in the world, groundwater is one of the most important resources, which varies in quantity and quality in different places. It is incredibly difficult to recycle contaminated groundwater. As a result, preventing groundwater contamination is crucial. Vulnerability maps have emerged in recent years as a tool to identify locations with high potential for contamination based on hydrological conditions and human factors. Iran, an arid and semi-arid country, relies significantly on karst aquifers for its water supply. In this research, the vulnerability of the Nekarood basin was studied using GIS-based models including COP, GOD and DRASTIC. The final map obtained from the three models shows the Nekarood basin in the class of negligible, low and very low vulnerability. Seven groundwater samples were taken from various aquifers to validate the contamination map. In order to evaluate the models, the hydrochemical data of seven points (wells and springs) were collected. Then, EC and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${NO}_{3}^{-}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">NO</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> were analyzed and classified as pollution parameters. In the studied area, the amount of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${NO}_{3}^{-}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">NO</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> varied between (0.9–13.7 mg/L), and the amount of EC (520–1183 µs/cm). Nitrate and EC levels in the basin are also low and suitable for irrigation drinking. The results of this study showed that there is a strong relationship between concentration EC and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${NO}_{3}^{-}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">NO</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the final maps obtained from the three models.</p>

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in karst aquifer using GIS-based model

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年9月1日

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S. Moalemi,
M. Ghadimi

摘要

Among the water resources in the world, groundwater is one of the most important resources, which varies in quantity and quality in different places. It is incredibly difficult to recycle contaminated groundwater. As a result, preventing groundwater contamination is crucial. Vulnerability maps have emerged in recent years as a tool to identify locations with high potential for contamination based on hydrological conditions and human factors. Iran, an arid and semi-arid country, relies significantly on karst aquifers for its water supply. In this research, the vulnerability of the Nekarood basin was studied using GIS-based models including COP, GOD and DRASTIC. The final map obtained from the three models shows the Nekarood basin in the class of negligible, low and very low vulnerability. Seven groundwater samples were taken from various aquifers to validate the contamination map. In order to evaluate the models, the hydrochemical data of seven points (wells and springs) were collected. Then, EC and ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ were analyzed and classified as pollution parameters. In the studied area, the amount of ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ varied between (0.9–13.7 mg/L), and the amount of EC (520–1183 µs/cm). Nitrate and EC levels in the basin are also low and suitable for irrigation drinking. The results of this study showed that there is a strong relationship between concentration EC and ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ and the final maps obtained from the three models.