The role of biostimulants for mitigating the negative impacts of antibiotics to improve environmental safety
摘要
Expansion of pharmaceutical industry and excessive use of antibiotics have led to environmental contaminants, posing serious ecological and agricultural concerns. The antibiotics chemical structures contribute to their persistence in various environmental matrices, including soil, water, and plants, necessitating urgent measures to mitigate these hazardous substances. These antibiotic compounds can directly influence plant performance by diminishing respiration rates or impeding chlorophyll synthesis while also indirectly affecting the vital symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes. These disruptions not only compromise plant health but also contribute to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in agroecosystems. This review elucidates the existing understanding of possible biostimulants, such as biochar, humic acid, nanoparticles, plant hormones, and electromagnetic irradiation, aimed at mitigating antibiotic stress in plants, augmenting plant resilience, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This review explore the role of biostimulants enhance plant function at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels and to, promote resilience, and restore soil microbial balance. By integrating recent findings, this review highlights the potential of biostimulants-based interventions to advance sustainable agricultural practices and reduce antibiotic contamination in the food chain. The conclusion drawn from this study is essential for the progress of sustainable technologies and thus contributes to the mitigation of global food crises. Understanding both the molecular mechanisms and ecosystem-level impacts of these interventions is critical for their safe and effective application. This work provides a foundation for future research and development of sustainable solutions to combat antibiotic pollution in agriculture, ultimately contributing to global food security and environmental health.
Graphical abstract