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<p>Petrol stations with coffee shops and food services generate complex mixed wastewater containing high levels of organic pollutants and fats, oils, and grease (FOG). Conventional decentralized systems, such as septic tanks and grease traps, often fail to meet effluent standards due to their limited capacity to treat such heterogeneous waste streams. This study evaluated the performance of a two-stage thermophilic septic tank system for treating mixed wastewater from toilets and coffee shops under varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and temperatures. A laboratory-scale setup was developed at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand, consisting of an acidogenic reactor operated at 40 and 50&#xa0;°C (HRTs: 6–12&#xa0;h), followed by methanogenic reactors at 30, 40, and 50&#xa0;°C (HRTs: 8–36&#xa0;h). Combined wastewater from academic building toilets and a campus coffee shop was used to assess removal efficiencies for total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (TCOD, SCOD), FOG, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and methane production. The system achieved the highest TCOD removal (81%) in the acidogenic reactor at 40&#xa0;°C and 12–h HRT, and the highest FOG removal (57%) at 50&#xa0;°C and 6–h HRT. In the methanogenic stage, maximum TCOD and FOG removal occurred at 30&#xa0;°C and 36–h HRT, while peak methane yield (257&#xa0;mL/day) was at 50&#xa0;°C and 12–h HRT. These results highlight the effectiveness of integrated thermophilic and mesophilic processes for decentralized treatment of high-strength wastewater, offering a scalable, energy-efficient solution for facilities such as petrol stations and food-service establishments.</p>

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Performance evaluation of two-stage thermophilic septic tank for treating the mixed toilet and coffeeshop wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月3日

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  • T. Koottatep,
  • T. Pussayanavin,
  • S. Khamyai,
  • P. Janta,
  • C. Polprasert

摘要

Petrol stations with coffee shops and food services generate complex mixed wastewater containing high levels of organic pollutants and fats, oils, and grease (FOG). Conventional decentralized systems, such as septic tanks and grease traps, often fail to meet effluent standards due to their limited capacity to treat such heterogeneous waste streams. This study evaluated the performance of a two-stage thermophilic septic tank system for treating mixed wastewater from toilets and coffee shops under varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and temperatures. A laboratory-scale setup was developed at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand, consisting of an acidogenic reactor operated at 40 and 50 °C (HRTs: 6–12 h), followed by methanogenic reactors at 30, 40, and 50 °C (HRTs: 8–36 h). Combined wastewater from academic building toilets and a campus coffee shop was used to assess removal efficiencies for total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (TCOD, SCOD), FOG, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and methane production. The system achieved the highest TCOD removal (81%) in the acidogenic reactor at 40 °C and 12–h HRT, and the highest FOG removal (57%) at 50 °C and 6–h HRT. In the methanogenic stage, maximum TCOD and FOG removal occurred at 30 °C and 36–h HRT, while peak methane yield (257 mL/day) was at 50 °C and 12–h HRT. These results highlight the effectiveness of integrated thermophilic and mesophilic processes for decentralized treatment of high-strength wastewater, offering a scalable, energy-efficient solution for facilities such as petrol stations and food-service establishments.