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<p>This study reports the synthesis of a sustainable and high-performance polymer adsorbent, phenylenedimethanol@acrylic maleic acid copolymer (poly PhDM@AMA), via a two-step process using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste. In the first step, PET was reduced with NaBH₄ to form 1,4-phenylenedimethanol (PhDM), which was subsequently reacted with poly(acrylic maleic acid) to produce the functional polymer. Designed to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from water, this approach addresses plastic waste recycling and wastewater treatment. FTIR, TGA, XPS, SEM, and BET characterization confirmed the polymer’s successful formation, with a surface area of 18.03&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g and evidence of ester/ether bonding and π–π* conjugation. Under optimal conditions (pH 10, 120&#xa0;min, 0.02&#xa0;g dose, 25&#xa0;°C), the adsorbent achieved a high capacity of 442.05&#xa0;mg/g, surpassing many conventional and PET-derived materials. Adsorption followed the Elovich kinetic model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99469) and Freundlich isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98652), indicating a multilayer, heterogeneous chemisorption process. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption (ΔH° =  − 7.76&#xa0;kJ/mol), with stronger affinity at lower temperatures. The mechanism involved electrostatic attraction, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Reusability tests showed minimal efficiency loss over five cycles, demonstrating regeneration potential. The simple, low-energy synthesis and low-cost raw materials support the industrial feasibility of poly PhDM@AMA as a scalable, eco-friendly solution for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.</p>

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Sustainable recycling: structure–property relationship of polyethylene terephthalate waste-derived polymers for efficient methylene blue removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • M. Alzaid,
  • I. H. Alsohaimi,
  • M. S. Alhumaimess,
  • A. A. Alqadami,
  • S. S. Alsaif,
  • Y. A. El-Ossaily,
  • S. F. A. Al-Furhud,
  • A. M. Aldawsari,
  • H. M. A. Hassan

摘要

This study reports the synthesis of a sustainable and high-performance polymer adsorbent, phenylenedimethanol@acrylic maleic acid copolymer (poly PhDM@AMA), via a two-step process using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste. In the first step, PET was reduced with NaBH₄ to form 1,4-phenylenedimethanol (PhDM), which was subsequently reacted with poly(acrylic maleic acid) to produce the functional polymer. Designed to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from water, this approach addresses plastic waste recycling and wastewater treatment. FTIR, TGA, XPS, SEM, and BET characterization confirmed the polymer’s successful formation, with a surface area of 18.03 m2/g and evidence of ester/ether bonding and π–π* conjugation. Under optimal conditions (pH 10, 120 min, 0.02 g dose, 25 °C), the adsorbent achieved a high capacity of 442.05 mg/g, surpassing many conventional and PET-derived materials. Adsorption followed the Elovich kinetic model (R2 = 0.99469) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.98652), indicating a multilayer, heterogeneous chemisorption process. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption (ΔH° =  − 7.76 kJ/mol), with stronger affinity at lower temperatures. The mechanism involved electrostatic attraction, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Reusability tests showed minimal efficiency loss over five cycles, demonstrating regeneration potential. The simple, low-energy synthesis and low-cost raw materials support the industrial feasibility of poly PhDM@AMA as a scalable, eco-friendly solution for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.