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<p>In response to the ecological threat posed by copper ions in industrial wastewater, this study develops and evaluates low-cost, efficient composite adsorbents made from sodium alginate and Moroccan Bentonite. The adsorbents were prepared using both air-drying and freeze-drying techniques and characterized using SEM, FTIR, BET, XRD, TGA/DTG, XRF, and EDX-SEM, confirming successful incorporation of Bentonite into the alginate matrix. Adsorption efficiency was optimized by varying pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The adsorption process, which adheres to the Langmuir isotherm, reached equilibrium within 360&#xa0;min, achieving a maximum capacity of 169.69&#xa0;mg/g for lyophilized alginate beads and 94.12&#xa0;mg/g for alginate-clay composite beads. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The regeneration study showed only about 15% loss in Copper uptake by L-BE@AL after five consecutive cycles. Thus, these findings suggest that Bentonite/alginate composites are promising materials for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The synthesis of low-cost bentonite/biopolymer based composite beads: efficiency for copper ions removal from aqueous solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • I. Barrak,
  • I. Ayouch,
  • Z. Kassab,
  • Y. Abdellaoui,
  • S. Sair,
  • M. El Achaby,
  • A. Barhoun,
  • K. Draoui

摘要

In response to the ecological threat posed by copper ions in industrial wastewater, this study develops and evaluates low-cost, efficient composite adsorbents made from sodium alginate and Moroccan Bentonite. The adsorbents were prepared using both air-drying and freeze-drying techniques and characterized using SEM, FTIR, BET, XRD, TGA/DTG, XRF, and EDX-SEM, confirming successful incorporation of Bentonite into the alginate matrix. Adsorption efficiency was optimized by varying pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The adsorption process, which adheres to the Langmuir isotherm, reached equilibrium within 360 min, achieving a maximum capacity of 169.69 mg/g for lyophilized alginate beads and 94.12 mg/g for alginate-clay composite beads. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The regeneration study showed only about 15% loss in Copper uptake by L-BE@AL after five consecutive cycles. Thus, these findings suggest that Bentonite/alginate composites are promising materials for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions.

Graphical abstract