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<p>There is widespread acceptance of trapping as a method of monitoring and controlling economically important fruit flies, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>. In spite, growers and the environment are concerned about cost and safety issues associated with trapping and baits. The present study showed innovative, eco-friendly bait consisting of brewer's yeast encapsulated with gum Arabic, pectin, and essential oil of <i>Mentha pulegium</i> (<i>M. pulegium</i> EO). The composition of the essential oil (EO) was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated by determining the encapsulation efficiency (%) and release kinetics (%). We conducted repellent/ attractant and contact toxicity tests of both crude and encapsulated <i>M. pulegium</i> EO under laboratory and field conditions. The new bait was compared to the commercially available attractant Ceratrap <sup>®</sup>. The traps were installed for two weeks in an orange orchard. <i>M. pulegium</i> EO exhibited repellent activity against <i>C. capitata</i>. Based on the results, EE % ranged from 62.71 to 77.77 %, while LC % ranged from 3.63 to 4.98 %. In addition, it was found that 98.5 % of capsules released their contents after 5 d, indicating sustained release. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that brewer's yeast is an attractive substance (class IV: attractant), with encapsulated oil showing superior attractant properties (class VI: very attractive). Additionally, the encapsulated oil was toxic to adult Mediterranean fruit flies. In field trials, both the capsules and Ceratrap<sup>®</sup> proved effective as attractants, with no statistically significant difference observed between them (df = 1, F = 2.247, P = 0.137). According to the results of a field trial, encapsulated EO reduced <i>C. capitata</i> infestation (35.33 % vs untreated 46 %) and fruit drop (8.6 % vs untreated 17.66 %). Furthermore, results showed. In this way, brewer's yeast could be utilized in locally produced food lures for Medfly, supporting the broader adoption of integrated Pest Management (IPM).</p>

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Development of an ecological attractant for monitoring and controlling Ceratitis capitata using encapsulated Mentha pulegium essential oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • A. Soltani,
  • T. Djebbi,
  • J. M. B. Jemâa

摘要

There is widespread acceptance of trapping as a method of monitoring and controlling economically important fruit flies, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. In spite, growers and the environment are concerned about cost and safety issues associated with trapping and baits. The present study showed innovative, eco-friendly bait consisting of brewer's yeast encapsulated with gum Arabic, pectin, and essential oil of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium EO). The composition of the essential oil (EO) was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated by determining the encapsulation efficiency (%) and release kinetics (%). We conducted repellent/ attractant and contact toxicity tests of both crude and encapsulated M. pulegium EO under laboratory and field conditions. The new bait was compared to the commercially available attractant Ceratrap ®. The traps were installed for two weeks in an orange orchard. M. pulegium EO exhibited repellent activity against C. capitata. Based on the results, EE % ranged from 62.71 to 77.77 %, while LC % ranged from 3.63 to 4.98 %. In addition, it was found that 98.5 % of capsules released their contents after 5 d, indicating sustained release. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that brewer's yeast is an attractive substance (class IV: attractant), with encapsulated oil showing superior attractant properties (class VI: very attractive). Additionally, the encapsulated oil was toxic to adult Mediterranean fruit flies. In field trials, both the capsules and Ceratrap® proved effective as attractants, with no statistically significant difference observed between them (df = 1, F = 2.247, P = 0.137). According to the results of a field trial, encapsulated EO reduced C. capitata infestation (35.33 % vs untreated 46 %) and fruit drop (8.6 % vs untreated 17.66 %). Furthermore, results showed. In this way, brewer's yeast could be utilized in locally produced food lures for Medfly, supporting the broader adoption of integrated Pest Management (IPM).